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Nnor = N Ttin (11-5) Tst where N is the rotational speed. Eqs. 11-4 and 11-5 describe the off-design performance of the turbomachinery and therefore were incorporated in the cycle routine RECOMP. The off-design performance maps were converted into equations to provide functions that relate the pressure ratio to the normalized flow rate and efficiency. From Figure 11.6 and Figure 11.7 it is apparent that only a few percent deviation from the reference conditions is permissible. In addition, in our case the shaft is synchronized with the grid, thus its rotational speed is fixed. The operating pressures of compressors set the operating turbine pressures. Probably the most important factor is the fact that if the normalized mass flow rate increases the pressure ratio that the compressors can supply decreases. In the turbine it is just the opposite, as the pressure ratio increases the turbine normalized mass flow rate increases as well. Thus, once the bypass valve is open the mass flow rate through the turbine is reduced and the normalized mass flow rate drops, which causes the turbine pressure ratio to decrease. The turbine inlet temperature is maintained at a constant value, since the reactor is assumed to operate at constant temperature. The turbine outlet pressure increases, which reduces the compressor normalized mass flow rate and thus increases the pressure ratio supplied by the compressors. The increase of the compressor outlet pressure will cause the turbine normalized mass flow rate to drop even further and the turbine pressure ratio will further decrease, i.e. this is a positive feedback that does not stabilize the system. Compressor and turbine inlet temperatures have a minor effect on the value of the normalized mass flow rate and therefore cannot be successfully used for control even if it would be permissible. Thus the only way to solve this situation is to introduce another component that will, through its pressure drop, increase the pressure ratio across the compressors – a throttling valve. Locating the throttling valve on the compressor inlet (valves C and D in Figure 11.5) would be a typical option for the ideal gas cycle, however in the case of the recompression cycle this would not work. The reason is that this cycle has two compressors operating in parallel and their flow split must be kept constant in order to 250PDF Image | Advanced Nuclear Power Technology Program A Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycle for Next Generation Nuclear Reactors
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