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initially increased therefore the power output is raised immediately. Despite this fact the first approach is more favored due to its simplicity in design and operation; however its capability of meeting increased load demand is limited. Therefore another control means must be provided for more rapid transients. There are two main disadvantages of inventory control. Firstly, it requires a control vessel to store the withdrawn working fluid, which can be quite large, depending on the power range that is to be controlled. Secondly, the rate of power change is limited by the size of control valves. Thus, inventory control is not economically feasible for large gas turbine plants. Once the pressure in the vessel reaches the compressor outlet pressure the power cannot be further decreased. If more than one control vessel is used the vessel storage is more efficiently used and less volume is needed to accomplish the same control range [Xinglong, 1990]. However, a multi-vessel system requires a more complex operating procedure. Nevertheless, it is usually used for power control. 11.1.2 Bypass Control In bypass control the power output is controlled by controlling the mass flow rate across the turbine. Figure 11.3 depicts one possible bypass control scheme. The location of the bypass can be anywhere within the cycle. For example the MPBR [Wang et al., 2002] has the bypass valves located at the compressor outlet. Sometimes the bypass flow is split into two streams. One of them will be mixed at the turbine outlet and the other at the pre-cooler inlet. The reason for this is to prevent the reactor inlet temperature from rising. The control is accomplished by regulating the bypass flow. When the bypass valve is opened some of the high pressure working fluid is transferred to the low pressure side. Thus, the mass flow rate to the reactor and to the turbine is reduced as well as the cycle pressure ratio. This results in a power output decrease. If the machine speed is kept constant the turbine will not operate at its design velocity triangles. Therefore, its efficiency will drop. 244PDF Image | Advanced Nuclear Power Technology Program A Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycle for Next Generation Nuclear Reactors
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