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can be adjusted at a constant value of efficiency. This is not exactly true for a real system, since a change in mass flow rate will affect the density and the velocity of the working fluid. Both of these are not parameters in the equations above; however, they are a highly idealized set of equations. If pressure drops are taken into account the density and velocity changes matter; they lead to changes in pressure drops and changes in pressure drops lead to a change in plant efficiency. Nevertheless, mass flow rate control is the most attractive control scheme for closed-cycle gas turbine power cycles. It is usually called inventory control or pressure control, since removing gas from the cycle is the way of reducing the pressure. From Eq. 11-2 it can be observed that decreasing the turbine inlet temperature causes the plant power to decrease. However, this also results in the reduction of plant efficiency. Compressor inlet temperature is governed by the large thermal inertia in the pre-cooler and is therefore almost constant during operation. Pressure ratio is another parameter that can be used for wide range power level control. It is generally known that an optimum pressure ratio exists, and varies for every combination of plant characteristics. Therefore, the plant design point is as close to the optimum pressure ratio as possible. By operating the cycle at a different pressure ratio the power demand can be matched; however, the efficiency is compromised. In addition, by adjusting the pressure ratio the aerodynamic characteristics within the turbomachinery are changed as well. This results in changes in the turbomachinery efficiencies. Turbines and compressors are usually designed such that they deliver their most efficient performance at about the same cycle pressure ratio for the best thermal efficiency of the cycle. If the turbomachinery operates at a constant rotational speed the velocity triangles will be shifted from their optimal design shapes. This will result in the decline of the turbomachinery efficiencies and thus cycle thermal efficiency. The discussed effects of parameters on the cycle efficiency and power lead to the most commonly used control schemes for closed-cycle gas turbine power cycles. Actual plants usually use some combination of control strategies. 241PDF Image | Advanced Nuclear Power Technology Program A Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycle for Next Generation Nuclear Reactors
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