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efficiency quoted for the ESKOM PBMR helium gas cooled reactor, which has a reactor outlet temperature of 900oC, is 41%. 10.2 Net Efficiency Estimation Estimation of the net efficiency from the thermal efficiency is an important task, which is quite often neglected and the thermal efficiency is claimed as net efficiency, which leads to claiming an overly optimistic performance of the plant. Net efficiency includes all additional loses that are not directly associated with the cycle thermodynamic. As was pointed out in Table 10.1 these losses come from other components such as generator, switchyard, clutches etc., but also from the additional station loads, such cooling water pumping power, control mechanisms and additional power plant loads. The estimation of the net efficiency from the thermal efficiency based on the losses and loads shown in Table 10.1 is described here for the case of the basic design with conservative turbomachinery. Mechanical losses are introduced by clutches on the shaft which connects a turbine to compressors. The mechanical losses increase the portion of the turbine work that has to be provided for the compressors. The recompressing compressor is right next to the turbine, thus only one clutch is interposed between the compressor and the turbine, therefore its work is increased by 1% to account for the mechanical loss. In the case of the main compressor, which is connected behind the recompressing compressor there are actually two clutches. Therefore, the main compressor work is increased by 1% to account for the clutch between the main compressor and the recompressing compressor. The new value of the main compressor work is again increased by 1% to account for the clutch between the recompressing compressor and the turbine. The last clutch connects the turbine to the generator. To account for this clutch the net specific work is reduced by 1%. Other losses are parasitic losses within the system, which come from the friction on the control equipment, heat losses to the surroundings etc. To account for these losses an 230PDF Image | Advanced Nuclear Power Technology Program A Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycle for Next Generation Nuclear Reactors
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