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SYSTEMS FOR ELECTRICAL POWER FROM CO-PRODUCED

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SYSTEMS FOR ELECTRICAL POWER FROM CO-PRODUCED ( systems-for-electrical-power-from-co-produced )

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evaluate the state of the geothermal industry and to promote the geothermal industry thru technical analysis and information dissemination. NREL’s function in this specific project is to help DOE evaluate new geothermal technologies and address current challenges facing these technologies. In this role, NREL is designing and installing data monitoring systems that will be used by NREL to collect and analyze data on geothermal power plants operating at RMOTC. Current geothermal challenges that NREL is addressing are related to power output improvements throughout the year and improving power output in warm climate operating environments. The data presented in this paper is the result of both a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) between Ormat Nevada, Inc. and the DOE and a collaborative agreement between RMOTC and DOE’s GTP to extend and expand testing of geothermal systems. In RMOTC’s oil field and many oil fields in general, a large volume of water is produced with the oil. In a majority of these oilfields, water is a waste stream and has a temperature below 250 °F. Because of the large volume, modeling predicts that this water should be hot enough to be capable of generating significant electrical power for facility consumption. To verify this concept, DOE’s Rocky Mountain Oilfield Testing Center (RMOTC) and GTP developed a program to test power generation from oil field waste streams. The initial geothermal power production unit installed was an air-cooled, factory integrated, skid mounted standard design 250 kW Ormat Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) power plant. This unit was installed at the Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 3 (Teapot Dome Oil Field), north of Casper Wyoming. It was put into service in September, 2008 and operated until February 2009 when the unit was shut down because of operational problems. During this initial period (Phase 1) the unit produced 586 MWhr of power. Operational problems that caused Phase 1 termination resulted in changes in the control system, repairs to the generator/ turbine system and field and well system upgrades. The unit was restarted in September 2009. The results since restart, Phase 2, are presented in this paper. The field in which the Ormat and future units will be installed is a 9,481-acre operating stripper well oil field offering a full complement of associated facilities and equipment on-site. There are 730 well bores in nine producing reservoirs ranging in depth from 250 to 5,500 feet at the field. The wellbores consist of 150 producing wells with the remainder temporarily shut-in or being used for testing. In this field, two formations, the Tensleep and Madison, produce sufficient hot water for the practical generation of geothermal energy. Current produced water from the Tensleep formation is 45,000 barrels of water per day (BWPD), with an average production temperature of ~200°F. The Madison formation is a non-oil producing zone with a flowing resource of 200-210°F water. It is projected that with minor work on existing wells, the rate for the 10 combined Tensleep and Madison produced water would be between 126 and 210 MBWPD. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Geothermal energy production, a $1.5 billion a year industry, generates electricity or provides heat for direct-use applications including aquaculture, crop drying, and district heating. Continuing to build on the technical research base that has been developed over the last several decades, GTP, RMOTC and NREL’s activities will provide information and understanding necessary to create new and more efficient and reliable technologies and to enable the U.S. geothermal industry to compete for base-load electricity generation. Recent funding increases, including the American Reinvestment and Recovery Act (ARRA) of 2009, have acted as catalysts that will allow the GTP and its partners to pursue these goals. The ARRA provided funding for efficient and renewable technologies, including geothermal. Through ARRA, GTP received approximately $380 million to reduce geothermal development risk by investing in a wide portfolio of geothermal programs; 151 projects were selected for negotiation. Using A RR A resources, GTP funded 10 projects to demonstrate energy production from oil and gas fields, geopressured fields, and low temperature resources in a technically feasible and economically viable manner. In total, over $18 million dollars was made available on a cost- share basis for these projects. Early in 2010, additional financial support was made available through a Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA), in the following topic areas: low temperature geothermal fluids at temperatures up to 300°F (~150°C); geothermal fluids produced from productive, unproductive, or marginal oil and gas wells, mining operations or other hydrocarbon or mineral extraction processes; and highly pressurized or “geopressured” fluid resources that show potential for cost-effective recovery of heat, kinetic energy, and gas. Out of this FOA process, 7 awardees were selected, with total DOE cost-share of up to $20 million dollars. In light of this more promising climate for low temperature geothermal development, the present collaboration takes on an even greater importance. The preliminary results below demonstrate that significant results can be achieved over a short time-span and with relatively modest funding. Further data collection and analysis, particularly after commissioning of the second unit, will provide invaluable knowledge to the geothermal community. This is especially true of Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) reductions as they apply to coproduced geothermal applications. The power output results of the Ormat unit installed at RMOTC are divided into two operational phases. The Ormat unit was put into operation at RMOTC in September 2008 as an air cooled unit. The first operational phase was from September 2008 to February 2009. The first operational phase includes the period from initial startup of the unit until shut down for repair and maintenance and field related GHC BULLETIN, FEBRUARY 2010

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