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and Trade 6.3.3 Regulations and policies affecting renewable energy Market development in the renewable energy sector, including in export markets, is largely driven by domestic policies and regulatory requirements. According to the Renewable Energy Policy Network, by early 2011, at least 119 countries had some type of national policy target or support scheme for renewable energy (REN 2011). The targets generally range from a share of 5-20 per cent of renewable energy in the national energy mix. National energy strategies can draw on different policy tools and regulations to facilitate the deployment of renewable energy and attain specified targets. EU Member States have led the way among developed countries, with the 2009 EU Renewable Energy Directive (RED). The RED mandates a joint share of 20 per cent share for renewable energy in the EU energy mix by 2020 (EC 2009). Since the EU is – and is likely to remain for the foreseeable future – a net importer of energy, the RED has also sparked renewable energy trade cooperation, such as the Desertec initiative.1 Within the EU, Denmark, has assumed particular leadership in the renewable energy sector. The Danish wind industry employs 25,000 people and wind energy supplies 25 per cent of the country’s electricity, with plans to extend this share to 50 per cent by 2050. Denmark also exports renewable energy supply products, namely wind turbines. In China, renewable energy is the focus of the current Five-Year Plan (2011-2015). The government has pledged to meet 15 per cent of its energy needs from non-fossil fuels by 2020 (KPMG 2011). There is also ambition for renewable energy in Southeast Asian countries. For example, Indonesia, Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia and the Philippines have targets to install a total of 32GW of renewable power in the period 2011-25, with Indonesia being one of the most ambitious at 12GW, and Thailand and Malaysia offering significant subsidies (FSFM 2012). Geothermal, biomass and waste-to-power are the most predestined renewable energy sectors to benefit from this investment drive in Southeast Asia. The Chilean government has announced a 20 per cent target for energy from “non-conventional” sources by 2020. Accordingly, Chile has assigned US$ 950 million to a five-year plan, which generates an additional 9 GW of renewable energy until 2020 (Renewable Energy World 2012). South Africa released an Integrated Resource Plan in May 2011. The plan includes a call for the development of 40GW of new electricity generation capacity up to 2030, including 17.8GW from renewable energy. Figure 5 presents the national renewable energy targets for selected states in Africa. Figure 5. Renewable energy targets in Africa Country Renewable energy target Target year Cameroon 50% / 80% 2015 / 2020 Cape Verde Ghana Madagascar Mauritius Niger (the) Nigeria Rwanda Source: UNEP 2012c 1. For further details see section 6.4. 50% 2020 10% 2020 75% 2020 65% 2028 10% 2020 7% 2025 90% 2012 228PDF Image | Renewable Energy
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