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and Trade 6.3.1 Investments Box 5. Key messages from the Green Economy Report (GER) Modelling studies carried out for the GER project estimated that an average annual investment of approximately US$ 650 billion over the next 40 years in power generation, using renewable energy sources and second-generation biofuels for transport, could raise the share of renewable energy sources in total energy supply to 27 per cent by 2050, compared with less than 15 per cent under a business-as-usual (BAU) scenario. Increased use of renewable energy sources could contribute more than one-third of the total GHG reduction of 60 per cent achieved by 2050, relative to BAU. Source: UNEP 2011 Investments are driving the increasing share of renewables in total energy supply. Hence, investment statistics provide an indicator as to which countries are likely to be strong exporters in the future. Renewable energy investment could be fostered by fiscal incentive measures and preferential grid access measures such as feed-in tariffs which offer investors more stable returns through price guarantees. Different categories of investment include venture capital and private equity, public markets, asset finance and mergers & acquisitions (UNEP SEFI 2012). Under this conception, global gross investment in fossil fuel generating capacity in 2011 amounted to US$ 302 billion, compared to investments of US$ 237 billion in renewables. If spending on fossil fuel replacement plants is excluded and investment in large hydro included, the investment in renewable power capacity amounts to about US$ 262.5 billion; this is US$ 40 billion higher than the same measure for fossil fuel (UNEP SEFI 2012). When additionally accounting for government and corporate research and development in the renewable energy sector, clean energy investments in 2011 amounted to US$ 302.3 billion. Even though this figure decreased to US$ 268.7 billion in 2012, investments still exceeded the 2004 figures by five times (BNEF 2013a). The global trends from 2004-2011 are shown in Figure 3. Figure 3. Investment in clean energy v. conventional capacity 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 2004 2005 2006 Fossil fuel (gross) 2009 2010 2011 Renewable excluding large hydro 2007 2008 Fossil fuel (net) Fossil fuel investment is calculated from US Energy Information Administration and IEA data. Renewable energy investment includes asset finance and small-scale projects, but excludes large hydro. 226 Source: FSFM 2012PDF Image | Renewable Energy
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