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P. Colonna, S. Rebay, J. Harinck and A. Guardone primary and secondary, are efficiently computed from their analytical expressions. In this study, the thermodynamic behavior of the fluid is modeled with three EoS that differ in complexity and accuracy: the polytropic ideal gas (PIG) EoS, the Peng- Robinson-Stryjek-Vera (PRSV) cubic EoS and the state-of-the-art Span-Wagner (SW) EoS. The polytropic ideal gas (PIG) law is given by: P = RT , (1) v where P is the pressure, T is the temperature and v is the specific volume. R is the specific gas constant which is defined as R = R/M, where M is the molecular weight and R = 8.314 J/(molK) is the universal gas constant. The other necessary information for the calculation of all caloric properties is the ideal gas specific heat at constant pressure CP0 = γR . (2) γ−1 Here, γ denotes the ratio of the specific heats, γ = CP0 /Cv0, where CP0 and Cv0 are the dilute gas isobaric and isochoric heat capacities, respectively. The ratio γ is constant under the polytropic assumption considered here. The Peng-Robinson-Stryjek-Vera12 (PRSV) cubic EoS is of the form: P= RT − a(T) , (3) where a and b are the coefficients of the contributions of, respectively, the attractive and short-range repulsive intermolecular forces. Compared to the polytropic ideal gas EoS (1), this cubic EoS allows for accurate predictions in the dense gas region (close to saturation conditions), but is not accurate close to the critical point (i.e., P/Pc > 0.9) In the Stryjek-Vera modification12 of the Peng-Robinson EoS, the temperature-dependent parameter a(T) has a particular functional form that has allowed the extension of the range of applicability to the low reduced temperature region as well as to polar fluids. The main feature is that it allows for accurate estimates of vapor-pressures (within 1 % of experimental data). This reflects in an improved prediction performance of superheated vapor thermodynamic properties in the region adjacent to the saturation curve. The PRSV EoS can be used together with modern mixing rules to accurately estimate the properties of mixtures.10,12 For the calculation of all caloric properties, the PRSV EoS (3) is supplemented by the ideal gas contribution to the specific heat at constant pressure, which has been approxi- mated here as a polynomial function of the temperature: CP0 (T) = A + BT + CT2 + DT3. (4) 4 (v − b) v(v − b) + b(v − b)PDF Image | REAL-GAS EFFECTS IN ORC TURBINE FLOW SIMULATIONS
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