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BC Bugwood Envirochem Services Inc. Figure 5.2.3 makes a comparison of life-cycle GHG emission reductions for each technology. Note that the pine beetle kills are decreasing Canada’s carbon inventory, and not using the wood will mean that carbon stored in these trees will eventually be released through gradual decay. Using this biomass for energy purposes will displace fossil fuels, thus creating permanent emission reductions that can be counted towards Canada’s Kyoto target. Emission reductions from co-products (CHP: electricity; ethanol: acetic acid and lignin) are accounted for as described in the pertinent chapters. Carbon credits flowing from the net reductions were accounted for in the cost calculations above. 1.50 1.00 0.50 0.00 -0.50 -1.00 -1.50 -2.00 -2.50 Co-Products Displacement Transport Processing Harvesting Figure 5.2.3 GHG Process Emissions and Displacements The CHP emission reductions vary between on-grid and off-grid conditions because different energy sources are used on-grid (i.e. grid electricity and natural gas) from off-grid (i.e. heating oil and diesel-electricity). An interesting result of the analysis for methanol is that adding hydrogen to the process to increase methanol output greatly increases the GHG benefits. However, this result only applies because BC grid electricity emissions are very low, whereas in other regions using more electricity for the process might eliminate all the GHG benefits from displacing diesel in the automotive sector. Table 5.2.3 shows the net emission reductions and resulting carbon credits for each technology. Remarkably, ethanol from the Lignol process, which only contains 41% of the original feedstock energy, still achieves higher emission reductions than the CHP plant, which uses the entire feedstock material. This shows that displacing gasoline on a 1:1 basis has a far larger impact than displacing natural gas-heat and BC electricity. As cellulignin briquettes are assumed to displace natural gas heating in Alberta, they are also less effective in terms of emission reductions than pellets displacing coal in an Alberta coal fired power plant – GHG results for cellulignin would therefore improve when used in coal plants, or would displace heating oil. However, displacing natural gas is seen as a higher-value applications for CL. Page 85 t CO2eq/bdt Pellets, Case 1 Pellets, Case 2 Pellets, Case 3 Brique ttes Bio-liquid Methanol Methanol (H2) E th anol Gasification CHP (on-grid) CHP (off-grid)PDF Image | IDENTIFYING ENVIRONMENTALLY PREFERABLE USES FOR BIOMASS
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