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BC Bugwood Envirochem Services Inc. for this market. More certainty about the parameters used for the calculations is required before the private sector would be ready to use this technology with bugwood as the feedstock. Table 4.5.2 Annual Cost Overview for a 35,000 bdt Lignol Plant C$ per year Comments Capital cost 36,000,000 Total of all equipment Salaries 10,400,000 20 people Maintenance Based on Lignol 2004 estimate Enzymes 1.5 cent/l Electricity 0.074 kWh/l, 3.4 cents/kWh Natural gas 13.5 MJ/l (steam),partly covered with bark 0.008 gal/l Diesel Feedstock harvesting 2,399,250 Harvesting cost only Feedstock transport 1,051,050 Cost of truck transport to plant Product transport 252,550 700 km by train (ethanol only) Total cost 14,102,850 Revenue from ethanol sale 7,087,500 $0.72 per litre (ethanol) Revenue from lignin sale 7,448,760 $1.32/kg Revenue from furfural sale 1,552,320 $1.12/kg Revenue from acetic acid s 1,620,000 $1.20/kg Extractives 2,125,030 12% of total revenues Carbon credits 667,477 If applicable, $15 per tonne of CO2 Total revenue 20,501,087 Sale in BC Profit 6,398,237 ROI 12.10% IRR over 10 years Profit ($40/m3) 5,087,487 ROI ($40/m3) 6.84% IRR over 10 years a 4.5.4 GHG Emissions Emissions were calculated for Lignol process (see Figure 4.5.4) based on the estimated energy inputs above. For ethanol, it is assumed that it replaces gasoline on a 1:1 basis (1 litre for 1 litre) because of its higher octane value (i.e., no correction for the lower energy content of ethanol was made). This rule applies for small quantities of ethanol mixed with gasoline (10% or less), whereas an adjustment would have to be made for high ethanol content in automotive fuels (e.g., E80). Credits are given for avoided emissions from acetic acid production and for lignin displacing phenol in resins, assuming production energy requirements would be covered by natural gas in an industrial process (simplified assumption). No credits are given for any of the other co-products. The net displacement is 1.27 tonnes of CO2 per tonne of feedstock. Page 58PDF Image | IDENTIFYING ENVIRONMENTALLY PREFERABLE USES FOR BIOMASS
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