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BC Bugwood Envirochem Services Inc. 4.4.3 Process As noted above, there are several bio-liquid processes available for application to bugwood, each promoted by a separate company. Fluidized bed technologies are based on a rapid pyrolysis reaction intended to limit the time for chemical dissociation of large polymer molecules and create a more complex bio-liquid “soup”. Power input to these systems is substantial to maintain the fluid state of the sand carrier. Moreover these systems need makeup materials, such as nitrogen and sand on an on-going basis. The processes are relatively sophisticated and require well-trained operators. This makes these systems less suited to remote areas where support services, material and energy are not readily available. Figure 4.4.1 The ABRI Pyrolysis Process (formerly ROI) [ROI 2003] Temperature-controlled pyrolysis can produce bio-liquid of similar quality in equipment that is much simpler. Power required for operation is still significant although much less than fluidized bed systems. Equipment maintenance is required but makeup consumables are not. The ABRI system (see Figure 4.4.1) in particular has been developed for remote, small-scale implementation and could be applied to bugwood consumption in B.C. Operators do not need high qualifications although they must be specifically trained to operate the equipment. 4.4.4 Energy Flow for Bio-liquid Systems It needs to be noted that this analysis is made on an energy basis. However, no “quality” is assigned to the forms of energy referenced. The term “quality” is used here to note a combination of energy form and level of processing to reach its consumer form. For instance, fossil fuel noted in the energy balance diagram is typically diesel, which is a highly refined form of the original crude oil. The consumption of diesel represents a final use although one with a significant associated efficiency loss. Similarly, electricity represents energy in a final form before use, which has inefficiency losses associated with its supply. In general, energy quality suggests energy is in a form pre-prepared for its final application. Page 50PDF Image | IDENTIFYING ENVIRONMENTALLY PREFERABLE USES FOR BIOMASS
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