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BC Bugwood Envirochem Services Inc. Figure 2.1.1 Figure 2.1.2 Figure 2.1.3 Figure 2.1.4 Figure 2.3.1 Figure 2.3.2 Figure 2.3.3 Figure 3.2.1 Figure 4.1.1 Figure 4.1.2 Figure 4.1.3 Figure 4.1.4 Figure 4.1.5 Figure 4.2.1 Figure 4.2.2 Figure 4.2.3 Figure 4.2.4 Figure 4.2.5 Figure 4.2.6 Figure 4.2.7 Figure 4.2.8 Figure 4.2.9 Figure4.2.10 Figure4.2.11 Figure 4.3.1 Figure 4.3.2 Figure 4.3.3 Figure 4.3.4 Figure 4.3.5 Figure 4.3.6 Figure 4.3.7 Figure 4.3.8 Figure 4.3.9 Figure 4.4.1 Figure 4.4.2 Figure 4.4.3 Figure 4.4.4 Figure 4.5.1 Figure 4.5.2 Figure 4.5.3 Figure 4.5.4 Figure 4.6.1 Figure 4.6.2 List of Figures Cumulative and Annual Volumes of Bugwood ...................................................... 3 Shelf Life of Bugwood ........................................................................................... 3 Predicted Fate of Bugwood on the BC Timber Harvesting Landbase ................... 4 Cumulative Availability of Still Harvestable Bugwood Not Expected to Be Harvested at Current and Future Harvest Levels .................................................. 5 The BC Railway Network ...................................................................................... 9 7-Axle Logging Trucks Are Used in BC (left), as well as Chip Trucks (right) ...... 10 B-Train (model) ................................................................................................... 10 Composition of Delivered Cost of Wood (Transport Distance: 100 km) .............. 15 Wood Pellet Production in British Columbia ........................................................ 16 Pellet Mill Process Diagram ................................................................................ 16 Pellet Plant .......................................................................................................... 17 Energy Balance of Pellet Plant Options .............................................................. 18 GHG Emissions for Three Uses of Pellets .......................................................... 21 (a) Lignocellulosic Biomass Showing the Cellulose and Lignin, (b) Cellulignin Obtained After Prehydrolysis, and (c) Burning Cellulignin Directly in a Natural Gas Burner .......................................................................................................... 24 Location of Chipping Cells, Compaction Site and Pyrolysis Plant ....................... 25 Prehydrolysis Processing Steps .......................................................................... 26 Truck With Compactor to Transport Chipped Biomass from Cells to Prehydrolysis Plant.............................................................................................. 29 Mobile Reactor to Use Near the Harvesting Operation ....................................... 29 Biorefinery Concept from Biomass-Energy-Materials Program ........................... 30 Layout for Complete Prehydrolysis Site .............................................................. 30 Prehydrolysis Reactor (a) Horizontal and (b) Cellulignin Dumping Position........ 31 Low-temperature Conversion Pyrolysis Unit ....................................................... 31 EnergyBalancefortheProductionandDistributionofBriquettesUsing Prehydrolysis ....................................................................................................... 32 GHGEmissionsforCLBriquettesUsingPrehydrolysis......................................37 Small Steam CHP System................................................................................... 40 Entropic Power Cycle System ............................................................................. 41 Steam CHP Energy Balance ............................................................................... 43 ORC CHP Energy Balance ................................................................................. 43 Entropic CHP Energy Balance ............................................................................ 43 Air Turbine CHP Energy Balance ........................................................................ 43 Conversion Efficiency Comparison...................................................................... 43 Cost and Size Ranges......................................................................................... 44 GHG Emission Reductions for Two CHP Applications ........................................ 47 The ABRI Pyrolysis Process (formerly ROI) ........................................................ 50 Bio-liquid Energy Balance ................................................................................... 51 ABRI 50 t/day Pyrolysis Plant Module ................................................................. 51 GHG Emission Reductions for Bio-liquid Production........................................... 53 Lignol Process Diagram ...................................................................................... 55 Preliminary Energy Balance of the Lignol Process.............................................. 56 Vancouver Gasoline Rack Price ......................................................................... 56 GHG Emissions and Emission Reductions from Ethanol, Based on the Lignol Process ............................................................................................................... 59 Bugwood to Methanol Flow Diagram................................................................... 60 Pre-processing Flow Diagram ............................................................................. 60 Page viiPDF Image | IDENTIFYING ENVIRONMENTALLY PREFERABLE USES FOR BIOMASS
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