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BC Bugwood Envirochem Services Inc. Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .............................................................................iii 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................ 1 2 BUGWOOD AVAILABILITY AND DISTRIBUTION IN BRITISH COLUMBIA ......................................................................................... 3 2.1 Size of the Resource and Its Availability Over Time .................................. 3 2.2 Harvesting of Bugwood .............................................................................. 6 2.3 Transportation Options and Infrastructure ................................................. 9 2.4 Moisture Content and Other Parameters ................................................. 11 3 HARVESTING AND TRANSPORT COSTS ..................................... 13 3.1 Harvesting Costs ..................................................................................... 13 3.2 Transport Costs ....................................................................................... 14 4 PROCESSING BUGWOOD.............................................................. 16 4.1 Pelletizing Bugwood ................................................................................ 16 4.1.1 Process ......................................................................................... 16 4.1.2 Energy Balance ............................................................................. 17 4.1.3 Manufacturing and Transport Costs .............................................. 19 4.1.4 GHG Emissions............................................................................. 21 4.2 Prehydrolysis of Bugwood to Make Cellulignin ........................................ 22 4.2.1 Cellulignin Briquettes .................................................................... 22 4.2.2 Hydrolysis Background ................................................................. 22 4.2.3 Prehydrolysis of Bugwood to Create Cellulignin (CL) Briquettes and Furfural.......................................................................................... 23 4.2.4 Steps for Briquetting Using Prehydrolysis of Bugwood ................. 25 4.2.5 GHG Emissions............................................................................. 36 4.3 Small-Scale CHP ..................................................................................... 38 4.3.1 Understanding CHP ...................................................................... 38 4.3.2 Application of CHP for Bugwood ................................................... 38 4.3.3 Process ......................................................................................... 39 4.3.4 Energy Flow for CHP Systems...................................................... 42 4.3.5 CHP Costs .................................................................................... 44 4.3.6 Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emission Implications ............................ 47 4.4 Bio-liquid Production Using Bugwood ...................................................... 48 4.4.1 Understanding Bio-liquid ............................................................... 48 4.4.2 Application of Bio-liquid to Bugwood ............................................. 49 4.4.3 Process ......................................................................................... 50 4.4.4 Energy Flow for Bio-liquid Systems............................................... 50 4.4.5 Bio-liquid System Costs ................................................................ 51 4.4.6 Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emission Implications ............................ 52 4.5 Lignocellulosic Ethanol ............................................................................ 54 4.5.1 The Lignol Process ....................................................................... 54 Page vPDF Image | IDENTIFYING ENVIRONMENTALLY PREFERABLE USES FOR BIOMASS
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