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BC Bugwood Envirochem Services Inc. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This study examines the technical and economic feasibility of converting the biomass resource in pine-beetle killed trees (bugwood) into energy products. Seven different technological approaches were examined: the Lignol process to make ethanol, small-scale CHP (combined heat and power), bio-liquid, cellulignin briquettes, gasification to make methanol, pipeline quality synthetic natural gas (SNG), and pelletizing. Of these processes only pelletizing is currently considered commercial in BC. The results of the overall analysis are given in Table ES-1. Table ES-1 Feasibility of Bugwood-to-Energy Technologies Technology Cost-effective Comments Pellets Some scenarios work, but not at high feedstock costs. Commercial. Limited domestic market due to concerns about particulate emissions. Potential in UK at high prices, but un-quantified. Coal plant may want to buy pellets for image reasons; biomass is competitive with natural gas as a fuel Cellulignin Briquettes Local use works at lower feedstock cost Commercial in Brazil. Depends on whether CL can be accepted as a substitute to natural gas in industrial and residential applications, and on natural gas prices. CHP Bio-Liquid Ethanol Methanol SNG Yes: off-grid, under 2 MW On-grid: Yes, at lower feedstock cost; only marginal at $40/m3 No Yes, at lower feedstock cost Yes, with H2 addition No Pre-commercial. Costing depends on technology; small CHP reviewed is a new BC technology. Depends on emission credits and RPP Incentive, as well as power sales price. Pre-commercial. High harvesting costs negate ROI; Bio-liquid market needs to be developed. Pre-commercial. High uncertainty with respect to production cost and value of co-products; first demonstration plant in BC expected by 2007. Conceptual. Conceptual; requires higher natural gas price to break even. In this study it was determined that the economic feasibility of most of the technologies is very dependent on the harvesting (feedstock) costs. Our investigations determined that current harvesting costs are in the range of $40/m3, however earlier work by the BIOCAP Foundation assumed a harvesting cost of $26/m3. To allow comparison with the earlier BIOCAP work and provide some sensitivity analyses, both harvesting costs were used in the evaluation of the various technologies in this report. At the higher harvesting cost only niche applications of CHP off-grid and methanol production can yield a return on investment of at least 10%. To offset the high cost of harvesting, mixing bugwood with other, low-cost feedstocks such as hog fuel may provide enough cost reduction to make some of the technologies examined more economically viable. Similarly, directing some of the bugwood harvesting costs (e.g. silviculture, road and camp building) away from the conversion operations may be justified to encourage bugwood removal. How the bugwood harvesting costs are allocated between the forest industry, the provincial government and the technology proponent is one of the key issues to be resolved if bugwood is to be successfully utilized as a biomass resource. A successful program for using bugwood could act as a catalyst to “kick start” an expansion of a general biomass utilization industry in BC. Page iiiPDF Image | IDENTIFYING ENVIRONMENTALLY PREFERABLE USES FOR BIOMASS
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