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neVIs GeochemIstry Two wells are of particular interest, Spring Hill, and #10 tee well, having chemistries consistent with the outflow and the upflow zones respectively. At Spring Hill it yields a temperature of 83, high chloride concentrations, and relatively high concentration of boron and lithium, which then indicates that some fluids originate from the outflow of fluids from a deep geothermal system. At the #10 tee well it has high sulphate and a temperature of 74 and the low pH of adjacent wells are indicative of gas rich fluids rising along an upflow zone. The results of helium isotopic data are shown in Figure 5. It illustrates a distribution of high helium ratios that occurs in almost every sample taken on the western part of the island indicating a magmatic source for the helium. Figure 5. Helium ratio, CSMAT lines, faults and slim-hole locations. drIllInG sItes N-1 slim-hole was drilled at depth of 1,134 meters which penetrated predominantly volcanoclastic deposits of hornblende-bearing dacite with lesser amounts of andesite. At 1,134 meters an attempt was made to retrieve a core sample, in this endeavor the HQ drill string became stuck 15.2 meters off the bottom. N-2 slim-hole is located to the Jessups Fault region. The Belmont Estate extensive area of sulfateric alteration is downhill from N-2. The alteration zone at N-2 is the second hottest domestic water well on the island at 75 ̊C. A nd finally N-3 slim-hole was sited adjacent to the Hamilton Estate fault. A volcanic source of the lava flow that is evident along Pump Road lies south of the Hamilton Estate fault. An exploration well test hole that was drilled by BEAD, LLC for the Nevis Water Department was first drilled at this site. the ups And downs the IslAnd blues The island of Nevis is primarily a volcanic island, as a result it is inherent to be a host of active hot springs and GHC BULLETIN, AUGUST 2012 presumably a large geothermal reservoir. This palm-fringed paradise has enough potential energy to cast it as the first nation in the world near self-sufficiency from renewable energy sources. This title can only be challenged by Iceland, with its abundance of hot springs. The island consumes a maximum of 10 megawatts (MW) of energy annually, and its closest neighbor, St Kitts that lies two miles northwest of Nevis consumes 45 MW at most each year. Via drilling of slimholes at three sites in Nevis, results have shown that the geothermal reservoir can produce up to 500 MW of constant base-load power year-round. However, this dream has encountered many hurdles that have hindered the progress of attaining such a goal. There has been accusations of cronyism and mismanagement coupled with the global economic crisis have seen its current prospects to remain stagnant and uncertain (Jackson, 2012). Mr. Parry said that, “the geothermal project could be underway if the Export Import Bank of the United States had not been discouraged from lending US$63 million to build the controversial plant”, furthermore, he states, “this is not fiction, this is fact” (Washington, 2011). Geothermal energy exploration was initiated in Nevis in 2007, which was led by key individuals. This team comprised of the Chief Executive Officer of West Indies Power Nevis Limited, Kerry Mc Donald, General Manager Rawlinson Isaac, Duke University geothermal expert Reed Malin and Ernie Stapleton met to hold conversations on real possibilities of launching this project forward (Observer, 2011). The exciting possibility of constructing geothermal power plants on Nevis is on the rise, as the first plant alone can still yield the accolade of the greenest place on the planet to this island. But accepting the mistakes of its tortured history is fundamental in carving a road to true success. GeoloGy of the IslAnd of montserrAt Three andesitic volcanic centers dominate Montserrat: Silver Hills (~1-2Ma), Centre Hills (~0.4-1Ma), and Soufriere Hills-South Soufriere Hills (~0.3Ma to present) (Harford et al., 2002; Le Fraint et al., 2008). Since 1995, Silver Hill Valley (SHV) activity has included dome building and collapses that produced onshore and offshore pyroclastic and debris flows and deposits (Deplus et al., 2001; Le Fraint et al., 2009; Le Fraint et al., 2004; Loughlin, 2010; Trofimovs et al., 2006). In Figure 6 the gray line track of the RRS James Cook. The circles are volcanic centers. Red squares are tectonic uplifts. The fault symbols are normal faults from profiles, apparent dip as indicated. Thick dashed lines are major faults of the fault systems, including Belham Valley Fault (BVF) and possible extension to Roche’s Bluff (RB). Large black arrows: Extension direction (Feuillet et al., 2001). On and west of Silver Hills Volcano (SHV), young andesitic domes (<300 ka) and structurally uplifted areas (Harford et al., 2002) are aligned due to normal faulting as part of the 25PDF Image | Geothermal Prospecting for Nevis and Montserrat
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