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Economics Costs Residential Geothermal HVAC systems cost approximately $3,000 to $5,000 per ton of air conditioning capacity. Geothermal power plants have not yet been installed in Texas. Therefore the Return on Investment (ROI) is an estimate based on current technology, drilling expenses, and the cost of existing western U.S. geothermal power plants.50 Using a binary fluid turbine for the power plant and basic transmission line hook-up, the estimated cost to build a power plant is: $750,000 to $1,500,000 for a 250 kW system $2,500,000 to $5,000,000 for a 1MW system Benefits 4. Geothermalpowerplantshaveasmallersurfacefootprintthanmanyconventional power plants, and therefore have less of an impact on the surrounding environment. Other land uses are possible with little interference. 5. Geothermal power plants have a high capacity factor, running 98% of the time, with routine maintenance constituting the primary downtime. They supply baseload electrical power. 1. Geothermal energy is a geologically sourced renewable resource that is basically 8. constant in a human timeframe. 2. Geothermal energy is versatile. It can cool and heat through Geothermal HVAC systems, it can produce direct heat for various industries, and it can generate electrical power in Texas. 3. Geothermal energy is considered pollution free and does not contribute to greenhouse heating. Some of the newest binary power plants have no emissions while others emit only 0.3 lb of carbon (CO2) per MWh of electricity generated. This figure compares with 282 lb/MWh of carbon for a natural gas plant and 497 lb/MWh of carbon for a bituminous coal plant (this does not include ‘clean coal’ 10. approach). Nitrogen oxide emissions, which can combine with hydrocarbon vapors to produce ground-level ozone, are at or close to zero in geothermal power plants and are much lower than fossil fueled power plants.16 Texas Renewable Energy Resource Assessment Geothermal Energy 7-13 6. 7. Geothermal power generation is capable of being a distributed source. Over 600,000 oil and gas wells have been drilled in Texas and are scattered over much of the state, but with distinct high density regions. The advent of smaller (50 kW to 250 kW) binary power plants provides the opportunity for using many of these wells for a distributed system of power generation. Geothermal energy is its own source. No outside sources of energy are necessary to maintain power output, thus making the expenses for the life of the power plant stable regardless of the market demands for the resource as in natural gas and coal. Geothermal energy can be an economic boom for rural areas when oil and gas fields are converted to geothermal electrical power production since similar oil and gas well-related jobs are still needed. Also, by using geothermal waters for Direct Use applications, new businesses are brought into a community as well as tourism with spas and therapy pools. Geothermal HVAC systems typically have lower maintenance than conventional systems, as all of the equipment is installed inside the building or underground. Unoccupied parts of a building can easily be shut down due to the more modular nature of this system. Although the Geothermal HVAC system infrastructure costs are slightly higher, the payback is better in the long run. They have lower operating costs and are far more energy efficient than conventional systems, and the money saved on energy bills usually covers the initial investment in two to ten years. 9.PDF Image | GEOTHERMAL ENERGY Texas
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