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throttling is needed, then it is considered to be under expanded. In the Figure this is the section from pressure ratio 2.7 to 5.8. If the outlet pressure is lower than the condenser pressure then additional work is needed to bring the fluid up to the appropriate pressure. This is over expansion and is represented from pressure ratio 2.5 to 2.7. The runs in Figure 6.1 have inlet temperature set at 110 ̊C and degree of superheat set at 10 ̊C and 15 ̊C over saturation temperature. For isentropic or dry fluids, as superheat is increased, exergy and isentropic efficiency increase. Wet fluids such as water behave differently, where lower superheat increases exergy efficiency but lowers isentropic efficiency. Regardless of how much superheat is used, optimal values are observed when expansion is optimal or slightly under expanded (P2v > P2a). Generally if an optimization is performed and these pressure values are equal or near each other then the results can be considered to be optimized. 6.2 Parametric Study of the System A parametric study of the system is important to analyze how the system will perform while varying certain parameters. Each fluid is tested while varying the expander inlet temperature between 90 ̊C (or 95 ̊C depending on the fluid) and 110 ̊C. The degree of superheat is held constant at 15 ̊C. Three pressure ratios are used for comparison. The pressure ratios depend on the fluid characteristics and the physical constraints such as minimum condenser temperature. Power output, system exergy efficiency and isentropic efficiency are graphed for R134a, Water, R227ea, R245fa, iso-butane, iso-pentane and dimethyl ether (Figures 6.2-6.22). 60PDF Image | Exergoeconomic Analysis and Optimization of ORC
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