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refrigeration with many large manufacturers producing compressors for various sizes, from residential to commercial. This gives great flexibility when testing needs to be done for expander operation as there is a large market for used or low cost scroll expanders. Compared to axial turbines and helical screws, manufacturing of a scroll machine is comparatively simpler due to the 2D geometry. In compressor operation the fluid enters from the outer edge of the scroll and is moved towards the center of the scroll compressor. This forces the gas to decrease in volume and thus raising its pressure. When used as an expander the fluid enters in the center and moves to the outer edge of the machine. This causes the fluid to drop in pressure since the volume of the fluid pocket increases in size while it pushes against the scrolls producing torque. Several studies have been performed with scroll expanders. One by Quoilin et al. (2010) produced isentropic efficiencies of 0.42 to 0.68 depending on operating conditions using R123 as the working fluid. Commercial applications of scroll expander exist for cogeneration configurations. Eneftech produces a unit with electrical outputs of 5 kW to 30 kW with thermal capacities of 45 to 255 kW (Eneftech Innovation SA, 2011). 3.4 Optimization Methods The basic structure of an optimization problem includes design variables, design parameters and design functions. Design variables are the variables that will change as the problem is optimized. These are usually variables which identify a particular design, for example, length, width, height, temperature, etc. Design parameters are usually constants that do not change when an optimization is performed such as material properties or source and sink temperatures. Design functions are made up of two kinds of functions, the objective function and constraint functions. The constraint functions are further divided 25PDF Image | Exergoeconomic Analysis and Optimization of ORC
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