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Table 3.1: Practical limits for preselected organic working fluids Working Fluid Maximum Practical Pressure (kPa) Max Practical Temperature ( ̊C) Minimum Pressure (kPa) Minimum Temperature ( ̊C) Acetone Benzene Butane Butene C4F10 C5F12 Cis-Butene Cyclohexane Decane Dodecane E134 Heptane Hexane Isobutane Isobutene Isohexane Isopentane Neopentane Nonane Octane Pentane R218 R-227ea R236ea R236fa R245fa R245ca R365mfc RC318 Toluene Trans-butene R413A R423A R426A 3379 213 4067 274 3013 138 2808 125 2057 107 1803 141 3035 142 3655 272 1896 337 1723 281 2747 125 2410 258 2680 226 2890 121 2877 125 2682 216 2887 177 2788 152 2059 314 2200 287 2865 186 1899 57 2352 91 2955 132 2288 108 2951 158 2817 140 2712 177 2314 106 3576 307 2906 136 1839 59 2966 90 1562 55 30.7 25 12.7 25 234.7 25 297.2 25 268.3 25 84.7 25 213.7 25 13 25 5.1 85 5.1 121 212.8 25 6.1 25 20.2 25 350.5 25 305 25 282.2 25 91.8 25 171.4 25 5 65 5 44 68.3 25 867.5 25 455.2 25 205.9 25 272.4 25 100.8 25 149.4 25 53.4 25 312.5 25 5.1 31 234.1 25 720.2 25 598 25 687.8 25 Source: (Rayegan et al., 2011) The temperature and pressure limits are chosen based on the slope on the saturated line on the temperature-entropy graph for each fluid. Also limits are below any decomposition temperatures for each of the fluids. To avoid entering a mixture zone during the pressure drop through the expander a point where the slope of the saturated vapour 20PDF Image | Exergoeconomic Analysis and Optimization of ORC
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