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3.2.4 Working Fluids Many working fluids are explored in literature with various techniques for selection. Global warming potential, ozone depletion potential and critical temperature are some of the characteristics proposed for selection (Tchanche et al., 2009). Preliminary selection of a working fluid for the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) starts with identifying fluids which are high in ozone depletion and in global warming potential (GWP). Particularly, fluids that contain chlorine atoms such as CFC’s and HCFC’s are not appropriate. Global warming potential can be identified from property tables for each of these fluids from respective manufacturers or literature. Low global warming potential is preferred to reduce environmental effects in the case of a leak. Another characteristic to look for in a working fluid is the slope of the temperature-entropy curve, particularly on the super-heated side. Fluids are categorized based on this curve as, isentropic, dry or wet. Isentropic and dry are the most desirable for ORC systems, because these fluids are still superheated after isentropic expansion in a turbine (or expander). This eliminates and problems with liquid forming at the turbine outlet, which can potentially reduce service life significantly (Rayegan et al., 2011). Wet fluids exhibit this behaviour when running through the turbine since they enter a mixture zone when going from higher to lower pressures. Fluids should also be chosen based on the expected source and condenser temperatures. Usually condenser temperatures should not be lower than 25 ̊C as this is the average value chosen for external environment temperature. Table 3.1 shows the practical limits of the various organic working fluids available which satisfy the above preliminary requirements. Once a preliminary study has been performed, a fluid that will work within pressure and temperature ratings of the expander should be investigated. 19PDF Image | Exergoeconomic Analysis and Optimization of ORC
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