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estimates based on other geometries. Experimental data will need to be developed to understand how heat transfer and CHF are affected by the semi-circular, zig-zag channels of a PCHE. C.5 Cost Estimates for PCHEs Dostal developed estimates for the cost of PCHE cores based on the mass of steel within them. The estimated volume of steel was calculated by 𝜋𝑑2 𝑓𝑚 =1−8𝑃𝑡 Eqn.C-1 where 𝑓𝑚 is the volume fraction of metal, d is the channel diameter, P is the channel pitch, and t is the plate thickness. He used this volume fraction to estimate the cost based on a quoted price of $30/kg for stainless steel units and $120/kg for titanium units in 2003 [Dostal, 2004]. Dostal also recommends determining the minimum required wall thickness based on an expression from Hesselgraves relating the walls to fins. The minimum wall thickness is given by 𝑡𝑓= 𝜍1 Eqn.C-2 ∆𝑃 𝑁𝑓 where 𝑡𝑓 is the wall (fin) thickness, 𝑁𝑓 is the number of walls (fins) per meter, ∆𝑃 is the pressure difference from the hot side to the cold side, and 𝜍 is the maximum allowable stress of the material [Dostal, 2004]. These calculations will have to be verified by experiment and detailed modeling of the thermo-mechanical stresses in PCHEs. C.6 Conclusion The PCHE codes give the user a first estimate of PCHE volume and achievable temperatures. The user will have to make decisions about the channel geometry based on system pressures and materials. Pressure drops are a major consideration for PCHEs, as they usually limit the flow path length to less than 2 m. The designer must be cognizant of how plenum construction, pressure drop, and volume limit the heat exchanger design. Improvements in heat transfer correlations and the overall readability/user-interface of the PCHE codes can and should be made in the future. In addition, studies of the thermo-mechanical stresses and the construction of PCHE plena should be performed and included with the code suite. 147PDF Image | Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycle Analysis
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