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Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycle Analysis

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Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycle Analysis ( supercritical-carbon-dioxide-cycle-analysis )

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excellent way to improve efficiency without seriously increasing capital costs. The PCHE codes at MIT could be consolidated and simplified into a single PCHE code with integer flags in the input file which would allow the user to specify different types of PCHE. This would simplify work for the user and reduce the chance of error in running the codes. The experimental performance of PCHEs will have to be used to benchmark and adjust the existing PCHE codes. SFR steam generators have been constructed as both straight and helical coil shell-and- tube heat exchangers. The straight-tube design was studied here because of its relative ease in modeling, but the helical coil steam generator should not be discounted. If an effective helical coil model is developed to compliment SoSaT, comparisons could be made for the purpose of choosing a design. The helical coil design increases the heat transfer coefficient, thereby decreasing the total heat transfer area. The size of the shell is much larger in a helical coil steam generator though, so if restrictions on size within the containment are important, the straight tube steam generator may be a better option. Both have been used in operating SFRs. 6.3.4 Safety and Availability Consequences of SFR Design Options Current efforts at MIT on the part of Brian C. Johnson are aimed at analyzing safety consequences of proposed design choices using the ALMR and PRISM Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA) models. The consequences of BOP configuration changes need to be analyzed in the PRA of an SFR to determine if they are acceptable under the NRC’s Technology Neutral Framework (TNF). The TNF is expected to be the regulatory framework under which new SFRs would be licensed. The major considerations in the PRA, stemming from this investigation, would be the consequences of removing the intermediate loop and therefore switching to a loop design. Primary coolant would then travel outside the vessel in piping and the LOCA would be a significant contributor to risk, if not the most significant. The elimination of the intermediate loop in a pool design is not feasible due to the size restrictions on heat exchangers within the vessel and the fact that core damage could be caused by a gas bubble resulting from the failure of an IHX plenum in the vessel. The overall performance of PCHEs is of interest because steam generator tube leaks have been problems for several existing SFRs. The small channel diameter and the robust design of PCHEs should reduce the frequency and severity of steam generator leaks. Also, every shell- and-tube design used in this study was modeled as a double-walled tube with a helium gap. The use of double walled tubes or hybrid PCHEs will improve the availability of the entire system. 125

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