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clean renewables in an aggressive energy technology transition. Even in a carbon tax regime, more mature technologies such as nuclear and cleaner natural gas power plants might be favored. The clean energy policy set forth in our recommendations establishes a clear, national priority for renewable electricity. It also acknowledges specific but separate roles for federal and state governments in energy policy: federal coordination and standard setting with states determining the optimal mix of renewables for each region. Nuclear Energy Development Policies As the country’s energy needs grow, nuclear power will play an increasingly important role in the energy mix because it is emissions free, efficient, proven, sustainable, and price competitive. The following policy proposals—increased research and development, including efforts focused on central storage, reprocessing, and spent fuel disposal; government guaranteed loans; and the nuclear production tax credit—encourage an innovative long-term solution for nuclear power as a viable and desirable base-load energy alternative. 1. Expand nuclear research, development, and deployment efforts with a focus on central storage, and the reprocessing and disposal of spent fuel. Nuclear power should be pursued as a base-load power source that is efficient, operationally cost-effective, and clean. Interviewees Tom Makila, David Spence, Joe O’ Hagan, Patrick Moore, Tom Weimer, and Ray Kopp expressed strong support for nuclear energy development. Mark Mehos said, “It is not possible to reduce fossil fuel consumption by relying on renewables alone. It can only be done by including nuclear in the mix and by increasing nuclear’s share of total energy production.”44 For this reason, the government should increase allocations for nuclear fission and fusion research and development, specifically in the areas of central storage, and the reprocessing and disposal of spent fuel such as the DOE’s Advanced Fuel Cycle Initiative. As noted by Steve Bielgalski, the issue of waste disposal must be addressed.45 If not, it could become a severe environmental and national security liability. Central Storage The 1982 Nuclear Waste Policy Act has failed as a long-term solution for nuclear spent fuel storage and a new policy must be established. The act failed because of political and financial delays in building a central nuclear spent fuel repository at Yucca Mountain in Nevada. The act promised nuclear operators that the U.S. government would collect and store nuclear spent fuel starting in 1998 in exchange for a consumer tax on nuclear power that has accumulated more than $27 billion, of which $8 billion has been spent for central repository research.46 The revised schedule for transportation of spent fuel to Yucca Mountain would now begin in 2020.47 The federal government’s failure to provide a central repository has resulted in $11 billion in spent fuel liabilities, and nuclear power plant operators have resorted to storing spent fuel on site in dry casks and storage pools.48 181PDF Image | Shaping Energy Technology Transition
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