Shaping Energy Technology Transition

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Shaping Energy Technology Transition ( shaping-energy-technology-transition )

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state in the nation, publicly announced his support for the continued funding of corn ethanol. Passage of EPAct 2005 resulted in an initial increase in corn ethanol production. Current projections indicate that production will exceed 12 billion gallons in the following years, surpassing the 7.5 billion gallon mandate established for 2012.6 However, 12 billion gallons of corn ethanol produced annually would only substitute for 7.5 percent of domestic oil consumption and would require 31 percent of total corn produced.7 Projections also suggest that devoting the entire corn supply to ethanol production would offset only 12 percent of U.S. oil consumption.8 These findings suggest that corn ethanol could not effectively replace oil without an assortment of energy alternatives to offset such consumption. It is also apparent that EPAct 2005 contained measures that inadequately addressed life cycles costs and risks associated with weather conditions and carryover stocks. Price volatility associated with adverse weather conditions and overall decreases in carryover stocks could compromise other industries, specifically soybean, wheat, and poultry. Continuously growing corn on lands that usually undergo two-year crop rotation cycles requires increased quantities of fertilizers and pesticides. Consequently, annual corn yields would eventually decrease and annual wheat and soybean supplies would be limited, thereby inducing volatile price fluctuations in the farming and livestock sectors. Studies analyzing life cycle costs and energy net yield associated with corn ethanol production have indicated both negative and positive yields. It is evident, however, that ethanol production would require significant quantities of water, fertilizer, pesticides, land usage, electricity, and gasoline to power tractors and fuel transportation. In conclusion, corn ethanol provides a salient example of the importance of analyzing the full consequences of new alternative energy resources. The findings ultimately call into question ethanol’s ability to offset greenhouse gas emissions while ensuring an abundant, domestic energy source that would further enhance the nation’s energy independence and security. Summary • Premature reporting and the inadequate development of the theoretical basis of cold fusion contributed to its dismissal. • A lack of consensus among the scientific community compromised cold fusion’s potential as a legitimate alternative energy source. • It is vital for the scientific community to adhere to protocol when researching and developing new technologies. • Inadequate research and development by the federal government can compromise potentially viable energy technologies. 137

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