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Hydrothermal Innovative Exploration Technologies Facing Down Geothermal Costs Widespread adoption of geothermal energy exploration in both hydro- thermal and enhanced geothermal sectors is impaired by the high risk and cost of drilling deep wells in very hot formations, one of the costliest phases of geothermal development. To date there are no ultracapacitors commercially available that can operate at the extreme temperatures encountered in geothermal wells (> 200°C). GTO investments have yielded a first- ever high-temperature geothermal ultra-capacitor to this barrier. Industry partner FastCAP Systems successfully demonstrated a product that is fully operational in 200°C conditions, cycling without failure and with little degradation and suitable for enabling pressure, temperature, and directional measurement and telemetry. The rechargeable energy storage unit for geothermal applications can handle extreme, high-temperature downhole environments. This is the world’s first ultracapacitor for geothermal applications capable of safely achieving these temperatures. Using vibration from the drill string to generate electricity, FastCAP developed the first ultracapacitor that can be used in a high-temperature geothermal setting. The project advances geothermal well drilling by extending the upper temperature limit of rechargeable energy storage capacity, adapting very high-temperature electronics and engineering vibrational energy generation to downhole geothermal applications, so there’s no battery involved. The flexible system reduces associated costs and risks with effective measurement tools for cutting-edge drilling technologies in harsh subsurface settings. As the project aims even higher to sustain equipment in a 250°C environment, FastCAP’s tool will ultimately reduce the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) for geothermal resource capture by up to a third. Data from the research will be made publicly available via the NGDS on an open- source platform. Play Fairway Analysis We’ve all been there: searching for a lamp in a dark, unfamiliar room. How do you find it? Based on your experience, you may know where it is most likely to be, but you need to know where the furniture is, or you risk a severely damaged shin. We use the same process when looking for energy resources buried so deep in the subsurface that there is no surface expression of their existence. Play Fairway Analysis is a practice first developed in the O&G industry that uses regional and detailed geologic and geophysical data to build a detailed picture of a buried basin to identify the most likely candidate locations for drilling. Based on this picture of the ‘room,’ explorers can more readily identify regions of the basin that are most likely to have one or more ‘lamps’ (or energy resource). While we cannot know for certain if a targeted site actually has the resource until we drill, the regions and their potential sites can be ranked on the probability of success so that we head for the most likely areas first. When used in O&G exploration, this process improves the likelihood of success of finding the desired energy resource —no more stumbling blindly in the dark—and reduces the costs associated with exploration and development. GTO is adapting the Play Fairway Analysis methodology used by O&G and applying it to geothermal resource exploration. Combining this new approach with the geophysical and geochemical technologies and methodologies being developed by the Energy Department will reduce geothermal exploration risk, accelerate the development of additional geothermal resources, and increase the number of ‘lamps’ powered by the Earth’s natural energy. Roadmap Plots Geothermal Milestones Accurately characterizing the subsurface is a major hurdle in the identification and ultimate development of an estimated 30 GWe of undiscovered hydrothermal resources in the western United States. The GTO presented an Exploration Technologies Roadmap at the 2013 Stanford Geothermal Workshop, building on content from a series of community workshops and discussions originating in 2010. The Roadmap categorizes technology needs under technical pathways that target the key geothermal signatures of temperature, permeability, and fluid content. A time evolution of these pathways is proposed, tying in past and current GTO exploration R&D projects. Projecting out to 2030, the paper assesses technologies that could accelerate confirmation of the 30 GWe target. Ultimately, the Roadmap is a strategic development plan to help guide GTO R&D investments aimed at At left, a drill rig operated by RAM Power drills in the Imperial Valley of California. Photo courtesy of RAM Power. Right, PDC drill bits in action at a geothermal drilling site. (top) Dixie Valley power plant in Nevada. lowering the risk and cost of geothermal prospect identification. This is a living document that characterizes the current state and short- to long-term exploration goals of GTO. Revisiting these objectives regularly is important to gauge progress and realign approaches with the needs of the geothermal community and DOE renewable energy targets. GTO invites you to download the Roadmap from the Tools and Resources page of this report and provide feedback. GEOThERmAl TEChNOlOGIES OffICE 4 5 2013 ANNuAl REpORTPDF Image | Geothermal Technologies Office Annual Report
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