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ρ is density of the flue gas in kg/m3 Cp is the specific heat of the substance in kCal/kg oC ∆T is the temperature difference in oC Cp (Specific heat of flue gas) = 0.24 kCal/kg/oC Heat available (Q) = 2100 x 1.19 x 0.24 x (900-180) = 4,31,827 kCal/hr By installing a recuperator, this heat can be recovered to pre-heat the combustion air. The fuel savings would be 33% (@ 1% fuel reduction for every 22oC reduction in temperature of flue gas. 8.2 Classification and Application In considering the potential for heat recovery, it is useful to note all the possibilities, and grade the waste heat in terms of potential value as shown in the following Table 8.1 TABLE 8.1 WASTE SOURCE AND QUALITY S.No. Source 1. Heat in flue gases. 2. Heat in vapour streams. 4. Heat losses in cooling water. 6. Heat stored in products leaving the process 7. Heat in gaseous and liquid effluents leaving process. High Temperature Heat Recovery Quality The higher the temperature, the greater the potential value for heat recovery As above but when condensed, latent heat also recoverable. Low grade – useful gains if heat is exchanged with incoming fresh water. Quality depends upon temperature. Poor if heavily contaminated and thus requiring alloy heat exchanger. 8. Waste Heat Recovery 3 Convective and radiant heat lost from exterior of equipment Low grade – if collected may be used for space heating or air preheats. 5. Heat losses in providing chilled water or in the disposal of chilled water. a) High grade if it can be utilized to reduce demand for refrigeration. b) Low grade if refrigeration unit used as a form of heat pump. The following Table 8.2 gives temperatures of waste gases from industrial process equipment in the high temperature range. All of these results from direct fuel fired processes. Medium Temperature Heat Recovery The following Table 8.3 gives the temperatures of waste gases from process equipment in the medium temperature range. Most of the waste heat in this temperature range comes from the exhaust of directly fired process units. Bureau of Energy Efficiency 2PDF Image | WASTE HEAT RECOVERY
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