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Bahram Saadatfar, Reza Fakhrai and Torsten Fransson, JMES Vol 2 Issue 1 2014 Fig. 8 Simple diagram of Uehara cycle There are number of theoretical investigations on OTEC system [82,83]. Ganic and Moeller [84] analyzed the ratio of the total heat transfer area to the net power output of the OTEC system for a 1-MW OTEC with R717 operated in a simple closed Rankine cycle. Faizal and ahmed [85] examined an experimental study on a new designed closed-cycle with R134-a as a working fluid and achieved a maximum efficiency of about 1.5% in the system. Sun et al. [86] optimized the design for an ORC in OTEC with R717 and R134a by numerical work. 2.4 Transcritical and supercritical cycles The Kalina cycle practically is complex and needs more maintenance [87]. Another method to avoid the temperature mismatching in the constant temperature phase change region, could be transferring heat to the working fluid at pressures above the critical pressure. A cycle that operates partly under supercritical conditions is known as a transcritical cycle, whereas a cycle operating completely in the supercritical regime is known as a supercritical cycle. Carbon dioxide, helium, refrigerants, and alkanes are some suggested working fluid for these cycles. Compared with a ORC, the working fluid in a Transcritical Rankine cycle (TRC) can be heated to the supercritical state, which results in reducing the exergy destruction in the heating process due to better thermal match [88]. The improvement of temperature matching for a TRC is illustrated in Fig. 9 (a) [38]. Fig. 9 Stream temperatures variation during heat addition for (a) transcritical cycle (b) organic flash cycle [38] 10PDF Image | Thermodynamic Vapor Cycles for Converting Low- to Medium-grade Heat to Power: A State-of-the- art Review and Future Research Pathways
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