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Study of Adsorbent Energy Density and Regeneration for Long Term Thermal Energy Storage

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Study of Adsorbent Energy Density and Regeneration for Long Term Thermal Energy Storage ( study-adsorbent-energy-density-and-regeneration-long-term-th )

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Long Term Adsorption TES have been developed in the past for a variety of applications. The technology has been proven in large scale systems using electric resistance during off peak times to regenerate the adsorbent. Systems typically report an energy density between 125-150 kWh/m3 [3] but theoretically could reach up to 200-250kWh/m3. A prototype system has been developed to study the process, optimize the energy density, and characterize the regeneration parameters. The application considered in this study is space heating since 60% of residential energy use and 52% of commercial energy use in Canada goes towards space heating [6]. The heat for the storage system can come from a variety of sources and can have varying thermal quality. The cases considered in this study include a residential household, a 10- storey building and a retail/office space, all fitted with a concentrating solar panel array and an adsorption thermal energy storage system to fulfill the complete annual space heating needs. The panels supply heat to the building all year round. They have an excess of heat in the summer and can not supply the complete demand during the winter. The idea is to use the storage system to store the excess heat from the summer in the adsorption TES system and release it during the winter when space heating is required. The goal of this paper is to see if such a system is practically feasible. Prototype System An in depth description of the prototype system, adsorbent screening process and experimental procedure can be found in Dicaire 2009 [2]. The chosen adsorbent is a new hybrid adsorbent material produced by Rio Tinto Alcan in Brockville, Ontario, Canada. The adsorbent was placed in a stainless steel column and insulated. The adsorbent was exposed to humid air at varying flow rates and the energy released was determined with the use of thermocouples. A hygrometer was used to measure water input/outputs and to determine when the adsorbent was saturated. For regeneration, the adsorbent was exposed to hot air at varying temperatures until all possible humidity was removed. The energy required for the regeneration was measured. Adsorption Results & Regeneration Characterization The usefulness of an adsorption TES system depends on the energy released during the adsorption phase and the level of regeneration possible using the waste or solar heat. The focus of the research has been to determine the parameters that maximize the energy density during the adsorption phase and to characterize the level of regeneration based on the temperature of the available heat source. The system reaches temperatures as high as 70oC and has a maximum energy density of 200kWh/m3. It was found that if the system is well insulated, energy densities are fairly constant as a function of flow rate. It is possible to control the rate of energy released by manipulating the flow rate and relative humidity of the system. Lower flow rates and lower relative humidity cause slower release of energy. In these cases, the temperature of the outlet also diminishes and heat losses are greater, reducing the useful energy density of the system. This is why it is better to operate at 100% relative humidity and higher flow rates. 2

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