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SOLAR (PHOTOVOLTAIC) WATER PUMPING

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SOLAR (PHOTOVOLTAIC) WATER PUMPING ( solar-photovoltaic-water-pumping )

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SOLAR (PHOTOVOLTAIC) WATER PUMPING Introduction Water pumping has a long history; so many methods have been developed to pump water with a minimum of effort. These have utilised a variety of power sources, namely human energy, animal power, hydro power, wind, solar and fossil fuels for small generators. The relative merits of these are laid out in Table 1 below. Advantages Disadvantages Hand pumps • local manufacture is possible • easy to maintain • low capital cost • no fuel costs • loss of human productivity • often an inefficient use of boreholes • only low flow rates are achievable Animal driven pumps • more powerful than humans • lower wages than human power • dung may be used for cooking fuel • animals require feeding all year round • often diverted to other activities at crucial irrigation periods Hydraulic pumps (e.g. rams) • unattended operation • easy to maintain • low cost • long life • high reliability • require specific site conditions • low output Wind pumps • unattended operation • easy maintenance • long life • suited to local manufacture • no fuel requirements • water storage is required for low wind periods • high system design and project planning needs • not easy to install Solar PV • unattended operation • low maintenance • easy installation • long life • high capital costs • water storage is required for cloudy periods • repairs often require skilled technicians Diesel and gasoline pumps • quick and easy to install • low capital costs • widely used • can be portable • fuel supplies erratic and expensive • high maintenance costs • short life expectancy • noise and fume pollution Table 1: Comparison of pumping techniques

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