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FUEL FROM THE SKY: SOLAR POWER’S POTENTIAL FOR WESTERN ENERGY SUPPLY Terms Average annual demand—total annual energy divided by the 8,760 hours in a year. Capacity factor—the ratio of total energy generated by a generating unit for a specified period to the maximum possible energy it could have generated if operated at the maximum capacity rating for the same specified period, expressed as a percent. Combined cycle—an electric generating technology in which electricity is produced from other- wise lost waste heat exiting from one or more gas (combustion) turbines. The exiting heat is routed to a conventional boiler or to a heat recovery steam generator for utilization by a steam turbine in the production of electricity. This process increases the efficiency of the electric gen- erating unit. Combustion turbine—a plant in which the prime mover is a gas turbine. A gas turbine consists typically of an axial-flow air compressor, one or more combustion chambers, where liquid or gaseous fuel is burned and the hot gases are passed to the turbine and where the hot gases expand to drive the generator and are then used to run the compressor. Dish Stirling—a parabolic-shaped point focus concentrator in the form of a dish that reflects solar radiation onto a receiver mounted at the focal point. Two axes follow the sun. The collect- ed heat is utilized directly by a heat engine mounted on the receiver that moves with the dish structure. Equivalent forced outage rate (EFOR)—the hours a generating unit, transmission line, or other facility is removed from service, divided by the sum of the hours it is removed from serv- ice, plus the total number of hours the facility was connected to the electricity system expressed as a percent. Fossil fuel hybridization—using a fossil fuel, generally natural gas, to supplement fuel at a thermal solar power plant. Heat rate—the amount of additional heat that must be added to a thermal generating unit at a given loading to produce an additional unit of output. It is usually expressed in Btu per kWh (Btu/kWh) of output. Heat storage—storage of electricity in a form such as molten salt or a mineral oil that later allows recovery of the heat to be used to generate electricity. Load factor—the ratio of average demand divided by peak demand. Parabolic trough—parabolic troughs track the sun using one axis to concentrate solar power along a line, usually a tubular receiver, that then heats a heat transfer fluid to power a motor or steam cycle. 174PDF Image | Solar Fuel From The Sky
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