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FUEL FROM THE SKY: SOLAR POWER’S POTENTIAL FOR WESTERN ENERGY SUPPLY Therefore, the operating costs of these units set market prices in most hours of the year. Delivered gas prices into the Northwest are heavily influenced by Canadian gas supply prices. Because Canadian gas prices are typically lower than other gas sources, generators in the Northwest have historically enjoyed some of the lowest gas prices in the country. The Northwest, in particular, Washington and Oregon, appears to have a large capacity surplus when measured in terms of generating capacity relative to peak demand. However, because of the variability of hydro conditions from year to year, a high capacity surplus is required to cover for a dry year. In 2000, the Pacific Northwest had reached the critical point at which new gener- ating capacity is required. California California’s mix of capacity is atypical when compared to the rest of the country. First, there is virtually no coal-fired generation in California. This is due to a combination of the distance from western coalfields and state environmental restrictions. The state has a significant amount of renewable capacity, including traditional hydro, geothermal, wind, and other types of renewables. There are also two large nuclear plants located in California. A significant amount of the state’s capacity, roughly 53%, is oil- and gas-fired baseload capacity. Many of these units, which mostly burn gas for environmental reasons, constitute a high cost resource. Some of these plants are operated by IPPs that sell power to local utilities under “must-take” contracts. In other cases, purchases from other regions, especially the Northwest, are used to reduce or eliminate the need for generation from the old, gas-fired steam units. In 1999, these old and inefficient gas- fired units operated at an average 30% capacity factor and experienced capacity factors below 20% in the previous two years. Southwest Arizona Public Service and Salt River Project are the largest utilities in the Southwest. Nevertheless, the Western Area Power Administration (WAPA), a federal agency, is the largest owner of generating capacity in the region. WAPA markets power from the Hoover and Glen Canyon dams and the Navajo coal-fired project, as well as many smaller dams. Also, a signifi- cant amount of capacity in this region is owned by or allocated to California utilities, including parts of the Mohave, Navajo, Four Corners, and Palo Verde plants. In 2001, coal accounted for 52% of the capacity in the Southwest. Nuclear comprised 12% of capacity, while oil and gas contributed 11%; hydro accounted for 10% of capacity. This mix will change substantially as the Southwest, in particular the Phoenix and Las Vegas areas, experi- ences an influx of gas-fired merchant plant additions. 132PDF Image | Solar Fuel From The Sky
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