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State-by-State Appendices Overview of Regional Power Markets At the beginning of 2001, a total of 234,178 MW of capacity was available to meet summer peak demand in the West.1 Overall, the West is characterized by large amounts of coal- and gas- fired generation, which each accounts for about one-quarter of the installed capacity. Overall hydroelectric accounts for 13% of the capacity in the states of the Western Governors’ Association. This is because the large amounts of hydro capacity in the Northwest are offset by virtually no hydro capacity in Texas—the largest load region in the West. Nuclear plants in the West provide 7% of the capacity. Great differences in the generation mix exist across the various regions. The Northwest The capacity mix in the Northwest is very different than the rest of the West. Here hydro makes up 77% of installed generating capacity. Hydro generation is subject to wide year-to-year varia- tions owing to annual differences in rain and snowfall and from month-to-month within a year owing to seasonal patterns. Other generation must fill in when water levels are low. As in other parts of the country, excess capacity has largely been absorbed by demand growth, leading to a shortage. This was particularly true in 2000 when high demand in California resulted in price spikes even in the Northwest, whose entire surplus power, if any, was sent to the south. Fish restoration efforts are a wild card in the Northwest. Changes in the operation of federal dams since the early 1980s to create more favorable conditions for endangered fish species have reshaped the seasonal pattern of hydro generation and reduced firm generating capability by an average of 1,200 MW. A further 1,200 MW would be lost in a proposal to breach four dams on the lower Snake River—Ice Harbor, Lower Monumental, Little Goose, and Lower Granite—and to lower the reservoir behind the John Day dam on the Columbia River. Coal is the second most important power supply resource in the Northwest, making up 12% of installed generating capacity. Oil- and gas-fired generation contribute 9% to the generating capacity. Fossil generation is the “swing” generation that accommodates hydro variability. 131PDF Image | Solar Fuel From The Sky
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