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FUEL FROM THE SKY: SOLAR POWER’S POTENTIAL FOR WESTERN ENERGY SUPPLY While forecast gas prices and the expected glut of gas-fired generation in the region are obsta- cles for additional coal plant developments in the West, one of the greatest impediments for new coal plants is their air emissions. Although it is possible to significantly reduce the levels of emis- sions, this comes with additional cost and further disadvantages coal. And, even after installation of best available control technology (BACT), emissions from coal remain much higher than from a modern gas-fired combined cycle power plant. While air emissions are already on a collision course with local or regional regulations, they will also cause concerns with local residents. Opposition to coal projects in the West is likely to be formidable, because of the dramatic demographic changes in the West. New residents in the West are typically well educated and affluent and have decided to live closer to wild and scenic areas. Even developers of clean-burning, gas-fired power plants face a battle over nearly every new plant they try to build in the West. Environmental Impacts of Coal Mining and Power Generation Five major pollutants are produced from the combustion of coal in conventional boilers: ● nitrogen oxides (NOx) ● sulfur dioxide (SO2) ● particulate matter (PM2.5) ● mercury ● carbon dioxide (CO2) Small particles from the combustion process with sizes of 2.5 microns and less (often referred to as PM2.5) and mercury emissions are not yet regulated. No federal CO2 emissions regula- tions exist in the U.S. and only a few states, such as Oregon, have CO2 legislation in place, but this pollutant is the focus of the Kyoto Protocol, an international treaty to protect the atmos- phere (see “Global Warming Policies Could Restrain Generation” and “Solar Power Insurance Against Kyoto Protocol.”) Fossil fuel-fired power plants and, in particular, coal-fired power plants are significant sources of air pollution. These emissions can be associated with significant health problems, including respi- ratory and cardiopulmonary disease, cancer, and birth defects. In addition, they can be harmful to forests, water bodies, and fish, and can decrease visibility in scenic areas.1 Coal-fired power plants contribute to air pollution more than natural gas because coal contains elements and compounds other than carbon. For example, coal from the southern PRB, one of the cleanest coals in the U.S., still consists of 0.31% sulfur and 5.13% of other non-combustible material, col- lectively referred to as ash. 115PDF Image | Solar Fuel From The Sky
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