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Technology and Component Goals and Objectives Goal: The goal of this research effort is to create new solar cell options that can meet long-term goals for producing solar electricity at low cost. Objectives: The 2003 baseline for organic solar cell technology is: • Polymer solar cell efficiency claimed to be between 1% and 2% • Small-molecule cell efficiency claimed to be between 3% and 4% • Lifetime is unknown, although organic display lifetimes are measured in tens of thousands of hours • Cost is unknown, although the basic elements (e.g., C, O, H) are considered low cost. The 2007 objectives for organic solar cell technology are: • Demonstrate polymer solar cell efficiency of 5% • Demonstrate small-molecule cell efficiency of 7% • Based on research progress, reassess the potential of organic solar cells for continued support. The 2025 objective is: • Assuming this technology survives go/no go decision points, achieve a levelized cost of electricity competitive in an appropriate market. Key Technical Challenges The success of organic solar cells relies on: • Improving their conversion efficiencies by a factor of 10 or more • Developing low-cost manufacturing processes • Exhibiting reliable, long-term operation under the environmental extremes encountered in PV applications. Technical Targets System Element Polymer-Cell Efficiency Small-Molecule Efficiency Technical Barriers Unit 2003 (baseline) % 2% % 4% 2007 2025 5% TBD 7% TBD Organic Solar Cells A. New knowledge is needed to identify pathway options for higher-efficiency cells B. New knowledge is needed to ascertain or improve organic cell stability in an outdoor environment. Technology Approaches and Tasks Task 1, Organic Solar Cells: Near-term organic solar cell activities will necessarily focus on improving the efficiency of both polymer and small-molecule solar cells. (These milestones are part of the recently revised Five-Year Photovoltaics Subprogram Plan.) Nevertheless, applying the systems-driven approach might provide market insights that could expedite research progress toward a commercialization pathway. Just as conventional PV once targeted the utility market but found a more accessible buildings market, organic photovoltaics may be more suited to a Solar Energy Technologies Program Multi-Year Technical Plan 121PDF Image | Solar Energy Technologies Program
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