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4.4 New Concepts The DOE Solar Energy Technologies Program recognizes that the technology approaches that it is helping to develop must provide solar energy options that are relevant in a constantly changing environment. This environment may change for a number of reasons, such as national security, economics, natural environmental quality, competing technologies, new market applications, and personal choice. For these and other reasons, today’s solutions may not be appropriate for tomorrow’s problems. 4.4.1 The Solar Technology Incubator The Solar Program, as part of its “systems-driven approach” to define and manage its activities, continually evaluates the environment in which its technologies are intended to function. Through ongoing analyses and interactions with its stakeholder community, the Solar Program seeks to establish new directions for its technology development priorities that reflect likely changes in the markets that the technologies are intended to serve. It also seeks input from other governmental programs, both within and outside of the DOE that may have overlapping and/or complementary interests. Technologies under development by other EERE programs are expected to provide especially attractive opportunities for hybrid combinations with the suite of Solar Program technologies. In addition, the Solar Program periodically issues solicitations looking for innovative approaches to meeting its goals. These solicitations favor universities and small businesses, because these two sectors traditionally are the most fruitful in discovering new ideas and technologies. For example, the PV Subprogram is currently examining two groups of promising PV cell designs (described below) that were proposed in response to two separate competitive solicitations of this nature. Two well-established programs designed to take advantage of the potential offered by small businesses are the Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) and Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) Programs. Following are three examples of the types of impacts that encouraging small business participation have had on the state of the U.S. photovoltaics industry. • Support for development of a novel silicon wafer slicer to GTI enabled this company to eventually become a world-class supplier of PV manufacturing equipment to the U.S. and the rest of the world. • Initial support was given to develop large utility-scale concentrating PV systems that are designed for use by investor owned utilities. • The precursor to First Solar received support to develop an environmentally friendly process for recycling cadmium telluride PV modules, thereby answering criticisms about next-generation thin film technologies having offsetting negative environmental effects. These activities are structured with well-defined selection criteria and metrics for monitoring the progress of technology development. If the new technologies show sufficient progress, they may be moved into the mainstream of the appropriate Solar Program subprogram. If progress is not meeting expectations, the Program then discontinues supporting them. In the following sections, several new technologies and concepts that the Solar Program is pursuing are described in terms of their promise, the challenges that their development face, their developmental status, and near-term development activities. None of these activities are presently along any of the Program's critical paths. They generally fall into the following three categories. Beyond the Horizon and Future Generation Photovoltaics: About one-half the cost of a PV solar-electric system is due to the PV module itself. The PV Subprogram is presently examining four new approaches to solar cells that promise, in the long term, to dramatically reduce the cost Solar Energy Technologies Program Multi-Year Technical Plan 118PDF Image | Solar Energy Technologies Program
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