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Performance of Supercritical CO2 Brayton Cycle with Additive Gases at Varying Critical Points for SFR Application Woo Seok Jeong a, Yong Hoon Jeong a,b a Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) 291, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea Tel: +82-42-350-3866, Fax: +82-42-350-3810, Email: mintcandy@kaist.ac.kr, jeongyh@kaist.ac.kr b Department of Nuclear Engineering, Khalifa University of Science, Technology & Research (KUSTAR) P.O.Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE Tel: +971-2-501-8411, Fax: +971-2-447-2442, Email: yong.jeong@kustar.ac.ae ABSTRACT A Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor (SFR) is one type of Gen-IV reactors, which are future nuclear energy systems of attention. Most of the existing or planned designs of a SFR adopted a steam Rankine cycle as a power conversion cycle. Due to the potential risk of a sodium-water reaction, additional safety measures were introduced to enhance the safety of the current SFR design. This directly leads to a higher capital cost of a SFR. As an alternative approach, the steam Rankine cycle of present SFR concepts can be replaced by a supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle (S-CO2 cycle). There are several advantages using a S-CO2 cycle for the Balance of plant (BOP) system of a SFR: Simpler cycle layout, compact turbo-machinery and a higher cycle efficiency at maximum cycle temperatures of 823 ~ 850 K, which is the current SFR reactor outlet temperature range. The higher cycle efficiency of S-CO2 cycles is attributed to a significantly reduced compressor work. This is because the compressor acts like a pump due to much denser density of CO2 at supercritical state compared to that of CO2 at subcritical state. To make use of this feature, the minimum cycle operation range of a S-CO2 cycle, which is main compressor inlet condition, should be located close to the critical point of CO2. This translated into that the critical point of CO2 is the limitation of the lowest cycle condition of S-CO2 cycles. In general, thermodynamic cycle efficiency can be increased by broadening its cycle operation range: the maximum temperature, the maximum pressure, the minimum temperature and the minimum pressure of the cycle. Among them, for nuclear applications, the highest cycle temperature and pressure of S-CO2 cycles should take into consideration the primary side and safety issues, which do not allow much room for further improvements. Conversely, an increase in the efficiency of the S-CO2 cycle can be achieved by changing the lowest cycle conditions, at decreasing critical point of CO2. Besides, increasing critical point of CO2 could be utilized to obtain improved cycle performances at ascending heat sink’s temperatures of hot arid areas. To shift the critical point of CO2, adding other gases to CO2 can be a feasible way. The direction and extent of critical point variation of CO2 rely on the mixed component and its mixed ratio. In particular, the alternation of critical pressure enables the optimal pressure ratio to be adjustable for maximizing the cycle efficiency. Besides, not just critical point, but also all thermo-physical properties of CO2 change. This paper deals with how both factors, which are from the shift of CO2 critical point and changes of various properties of CO2, affect performance of S-CO2 cycle. Optimized cycle of several CO2-based mixtures will be compared with respect to the reference S-CO2 cycle and the characteristics of the proposed cycles will be discussed from a thermodynamic perspective.PDF Image | Performance of Supercritical CO2 Brayton Cycle with Additive Gases at Varying Critical Points for SFR Application
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