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Parabolic Trough Solar System Piping Model Final Report NREL Contract No. AAA-2-32432-01 Cost of thermal energy,$/kWht = (Fixed charge rate)(Unit collector cost,$/m2 ) (Annual collector efficiency)(Annual radiation,kWht/m2 ) [14] where the fixed charge rate is an economic factor for converting a capital investment into an equivalent annual expense. The model uses a unit collector cost specified by the user (for example, $200/m2), an annual collector efficiency of 0.50, and an annual direct normal radiation of 2,714 kWh/m2. The value for the fixed charge rate is arbitrary. 2. The equivalent capital cost of the pressure loss in each header section and the standard collector loop is calculated using the following equations: Equivalent capital cost = (Annual pump energy demand,kWhe)(Cost of electric energy,$/kWhe) Fixed charge rate and [15] )(3600 sec ) hr [16] Annual pumpenergydemand,kWhe= (3,436 hours/year)(Design flow rate,kg/sec)(Average head loss,m)(gc , m sec2 (1000 J )(3600 sec )(0.75 annual pump efficiency) and kW − sec hr (Fixed charge rate)(Unit plant cost,$/m2 ) (Annual plant efficiency)(Annual radiation,kWht/m2 ) [17] The optimization process assumes 1) the optimization procedure for each header section can be conducted independently from the balance of the header sections, and 2) the combination of the optimum header designs is the optimum piping configuration for the collector field. The calculation is started by pushing the button labeled “Optimum header diameters”, and proceeds as follows: Cost of electric energy,$/kWhe = The model uses a unit plant cost specified by the user (for example, $450/m2), an annual plant efficiency of 0.135, and an annual direct normal radiation of 2,714 kWh/m2. Header Section Diameter Optimization - 13 - September 15, 2002PDF Image | Parabolic Trough Solar System Piping Model
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