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Parabolic Trough Solar System Piping Model Final Report NREL Contract No. AAA-2-32432-01 the relative pipe roughness, and ‘Reynold’ is the Reynolds number. The relative roughness is: 0.0457 mm absolute roughness for commercial steel pipe Pipeinsidediameter,mm [5] The Reynolds number is calculated using internal Excel Functions for the absolute viscosity and density of the selected heat transport fluid. 6. Friction losses through the pipe fittings are calculated using: and where Le is the pipe length which gives the same pressure loss as the fitting, and K is the fitting factor. L = K ⎡Pipeinside diameter,m⎤ e ⎢⎣ Friction factor ⎥⎦ [6] Fitting head loss, m = (Le )(Unit pipe head loss, m) [7] The types of fittings in the model include reducers (both expansion and contraction losses); short-, medium-, and long-radius elbows; check valves; gate valves; tees; and ball joints. The number of each type of fitting in the cold header sections is set in Rows 10 through 20 of the worksheet labeled “PressureLosses”. The number and type of fittings for the hot header sections are set in Rows 133 through 143. Several of the types and locations of the fittings were set automatically by the program, as follows: • A header reducer was located at each change in the header diameter. • An isolation gate valve was located at the inlet to, and outlet from, each loop. • A globe valve was located in each loop for flow rate control. • A Weldolet was located at the inlet to, and outlet from, each loop for connecting the loop piping to the header. • Each crossover pipe had two standard elbows, and each collector loop had 10 standard elbows. • The number of ball joint assemblies in a loop was equal to [2 + Number of solar collector assemblies in the loop]. • The header between every other loop had an expansion loop, with 4 long radius elbows in the loop. • A gate valve was located at the inlet to, and outlet from, the hot and cold headers for each field section; i.e., there were 4 gate valves for an ‘I’ field configuration, and 8 gate valves for an ‘H’ configuration. 7. the local fluid velocities, pipe diameters, and wall thicknesses. However, the wall thickness is also a function of the pressure distribution. The button labeled “Adjust pressure” recalculates both the pressure at the inlet to the cold header and the local pipe The pressure distribution through the cold and the hot headers is a function of - 10 - September 15, 2002PDF Image | Parabolic Trough Solar System Piping Model
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