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Nevada prior to completion of this project. As a result, this project provides an excellent opportunity for Solargenix to ramp up capabilities in preparation for the larger plant. 3.1 SunLab Technical Support. Prior to this project, APS staff had limited experience with parabolic trough solar technology. APS choose to partner with SunLab to help tap into the extensive parabolic trough knowledgebase that exists in the labs and industry. APS included SunLab in the project design review process. The lab contributions, in particular, helped validate the general process design being proposed, and provided some assurance that the plant should achieve the projected design point and annual performance. 3.2 Solargenix Concentrator. Solargenix is using a new parabolic trough concentrator design developed under DOE’s USA Trough Initiative. The APS project will be the first commercial deployment of the new Solargenix concentrator. The project provides the opportunity to evaluate the design in a commercial operating system. 3.3 Organic Rankine Power Cycle. The Ormat power plant is a relatively standard organic Rankine cycle adapted from geothermal applications using n- pentane working fluid. The decision to use wet cooling resulted in a significant improvement in power-cycle efficiency during the Tucson summer. 3.4 O&MDatabase. The success or failure of this project could depend on the eventual cost of operating and maintain ing the plant. SunLab is modifying an existing PV database developed by Sandia that APS has used to track O&M costs of PV systems 3.5 Thermal Energy Storage. Although the plant will initially be constructed without thermal energy storage (TES), APS is very interested in looking at the possibility of adding TES to the plant to improve the dispatchability of the plant. This allows solar output to be shifted to better match the peak power demand of the utility. The output from the 1-MWe plant is in itself insignificant in terms of the overall APS system load. However, the project provides an opportunity to see whether or not a solar thermal electric power plant with storage can actually dispatch solar electricity in a reliable enough manner to be considered a firm peak power source. A team including APS, Solargenix, SunLab, and Nexant has developed a preliminary TES design for the plant. The design uses a direct thermocline storage system where the same fluid is used in the solar field and storage system. The thermocline uses a single storage tank that is filled with packed bed-filler media to reduce the volume of storage fluid required. The thermocline TES system reduces the cost by over 50% from a more conventional two-tank TES system. The primary disadvantage of a thermocline storage system is that the tank’s thermocline zone, the region between hot and cold fluid, has an impact on both the solar plant and power plant operation. The APS project would allow these interactions to be better understood in a commercial plant operating environment. 4. Conclusions The APS parabolic trough power plant is currently under construction and on-schedule for completion in early 2005. This is the first new parabolic trough plant to be built in 13 years, and the first to be owned by a utility. The collaboration between APS, Solargenix, and SunLab on this project has been positive and is likely to result in a more successful and valuable demonstration of the technology for all participants. The development of the 1-MWe-trough plant has proven to be a good learning experience for APS. The current project has generated significant interest within the APS power generation group. As a result, the power generation group is looking for existing facilities within the APS system that could be re- powered with solar. The APS project is proving to be a valuable opportunity for Solargenix. The 1-MWe project will use 24 of their new concentrators. This offers a reasonable scale-up in manufacturing and preparation for the 50-MWe project in Nevada, which will include 640 collectors. For the DOE Solar Technology Program, the collaboration with APS provides an opportunity to get first-hand experience with the next generation of parabolic trough solar technology. The project also offers a low-cost and low-risk opportunity for field-testing new thermal energy storage technology in a commercial solar plant, yet at a small enough size that the costs for a demonstration are not excessive. . Table 1. APS Plant Characteristics Plant Location: Direct Normal Solar Plant Size (nominal) ORC Turbine gross output Solar Field Heat Transfer Fluid Inlet Temperature Outlet Temperature ORC Working Fluid ORC Inlet Temperature ORC Inlet Pressure ORC Design Point Efficiency Solar Field Size Land Area Thermal Energy Storage Design Capacity Annual Capacity Factor Solar to Electric Efficiency Design Point Annual Saguaro, AZ 2636 kW/m2-yr 1.0 MWe 1.16 MWe Xceltherm 600 120oC 300oC n-pentane 204oC 22.3 Bara 20.7% Base 10,340 m2 40,000 m2 none 0 hrs 23% 12.1% 7.5% Expanded 17,233 m2 64,000 m2 thermocline 6 hrs 40% 12.1% 7.9% 2PDF Image | Parabolic Trough Organic Rankine Cycle Solar Power Plant
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