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9 The HSL system houses a sun-tracking control board (Figure 2) used to calculate the sun’s position based on latitude, longitude, and time of day. The control board uses a microprocessor to compute the astronomical equations, obtained by the U.S. Naval Observatory, which are good to 1/60° for the next 300 years. This precision allows the system to track at 0.1° accuracy. The calculations determine the positions in the azimuth and zenith earth-based coordinate system using latitude, longitude, and coordinated universal time (UTC) from a GPS receiver. The positions are then converted to units of encoder counts for the two encoders used to detect the location of the collector on each axis. The controller compares the actual direction in which the collector is pointed to the computed position of the sun and then determines if it needs to be moved in a positive or negative direction to match its position with that of the sun. The motors then move at a speed proportional to the difference in the actual and computed positions. This process is performed at one-second intervals continuously throughout the day to track the sun accurately. The control board operates on a 12-V or 24-V dc supply and uses less than 2 watts. A photovoltaic solar cell can also be used to power the board. The control board allows a roof-mounted solar collector to concentrate visible sunlight into a bundle of plastic optical fibers. The optical fibers penetrate the roof via a four-inch diameter collector mounting post, and distribute the sunlight to multiple “hybrid” luminaires within the building. The hybrid luminaires blend the natural light with artificial light (of variable intensity) to maintain a constant level of room lighting. When sunlight is plentiful, the optical fibers in the luminaires provide all or most of the light needed in an area. During times of little or no sunlight, a sensor controls the intensity of the artificial lamps to maintain a desired illumination level. Unlike conventional electric lamps, the natural sunlight provided produces little or no waste heat and is cool to the touch. This building managers $500 per system annually with a life cycle of 20 years and a system price of $4 per square foot (estimated for 2008). How it Works Figure 2. HSL control board.PDF Image | Hybrid Solar Lighting Provides Energy Savings and Reduces Waste Heat
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