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one of them is connected to the suction tube of the compressor, while the other is fixed at the exit of the expansion valve. These two gauges have a pressure range from 0 to 9.28 bar. The heat flux applied to the evaporator in any experimental run is adjusted to the prescribed value. This can be done by adjusting the amount of hot water flowing through the evaporator. Evaporating pressure is adjusted by choosing a specific value of the refrigerant mass flux passing through the expansion device. For each run, the refrigeration cycle is left running for about 0.5 hour to achieve steady state conditions before adding CuO nanoparticles. 4. Data Reduction The average heat transfer coefficient is calculated as follows: Where, mw : Tw,i: Tref, av : di: L: ., ln , , (1) (2) cooling water mass flow rate inlet temperature of water average temperature of refrigerant inner diameter of refrigerant tube evaporator length kg/s , Cw: specific heat of water K, Tw,o outlet temperature of water K, Twall: average temperature of tube wall K m, do outer diameter of refrigerant tube m m, k, evaporator tube thermal conductivity kW/m K 5. Results and Discussion The results presented here are based on the experimental measurements which performed under different operating conditions and parameters that affect the evaporating heat transfer coefficient. The measurements are performed for heat flux ranged from 10 to 40 kW/m2, CuO nanoparticles concentrations of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.55, 0.6, 0.8 and 1% in addition to nanoparticles size ranged from 15 to 70 nm are studied. 5.1. Effect of Heat Flux on the Evaporating Heat Transfer Coefficient Figures 2 shows the variation of the evaporating heat transfer coefficient with heat flux for different values of nanoparticles concentrations. It is noticed that the variation of the evaporating heat transfer coefficient is linear on the logarithmic scale where the heat transfer coefficient increases with the increase of heat flux. Also the heat transfer coefficient increases up to 0.55% CuO nanoparticles concentration and then decreases. The heat transfer coefficient for nanoparticles free refrigerant, 0 % concentration shows the lowest value and then increases with almost constant rate up to 0.55% CuO nano particles concentration. 5.2. Effect of CuO Nanoparticles Concentrations on the Evaporating Heat Transfer Coefficient Figure 3 indicates the variation of the evaporating heat transfer coefficient with the CuO nanoparticles concentrations for different values of heat flux It is noticed that the evaporating heat transfer coefficient with the increase in CuO concentration up to 0.55% then decreases> At 0.55% concentration the evaporating heat transfer coefficient has its highest value for all values of heat flux. 5.3. Effect of CuO Nanoparticles Size on the Evaporating Heat Transfer Coefficient Figure 4 shows the variation of the evaporating heat transfer coefficient with CuO particle size for different values of heat flux. It is indicated that the heat transfer coefficient increases with CuO nanoparticle size up to 25 nm and then decreases with the increase of nanoparticles size. It is obvious that the heat transfer coefficient have the same trend for all values of heat flux. The present results are compared with the published data given by Hao, et al. [7], , exp 0.8 , Where, hr,n: heat transfer coefficient (W/m2K) φ:volume fraction of nanoparticles 39.94 , 0.028 733.261 (3) K K 82PDF Image | Heat Transfer Analysis of Vapor Compression System Using Nano Cuo-R134a
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