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Sander Figure 7: Concept of the GRMF (Schubert, 2013) 3.2.2 Financial Support Schemes from Development Banks for the Private Sector Some banks focus on the private sector and thereby promote entrepreneurial development cooperation. The DEG as subsidiary of KfW, finances investments of private companies in developing and transition countries. Products offered include long term loans, mezzanine finance, equity finance and guarantees. Raising capital for Independent Power Production Projects (IPPs) is one of DEG’s competencies (Grundwald 2012). Grants can also complement the financing schemes. In Central America the DEG provided Polaris Energy (Nicaragua) with a senior loan of USD 19 million for the San Jacinto geothermal plant (Vitinius 2012). As a member of the World Bank Group, the International Finance Cooperation (IFC) strengthens private sector development in developing countries. IFC focuses on mobilizing capital in the international financial markets and providing advisory and risk- mitigation services to business and governments. In Nicaragua for example the IFC provided $50 million and mobilized $110 million to build the San Jacinto geothermal power plant which is currently Nicaragua’s largest greenfield geothermal power project. San Jacinto is expected to supply almost 20% of Nicaragua’s power (IFC 2012). On a more global and strategic level the IFC supports geothermal energy with sector studies. In 2013 the IFC released a Global Study on the success of drilling geothermal wells, with insights into success rates and average numbers for wells drilled in around 70% of all geothermal fields world-wide. Also, in 2013, the document ‘Geothermal Exploration Best Practices: A Guide to Resource Data Collection, Analysis and Presentation for Geothermal Projects’ was released by IFC and IGA Service Company.. Together with Munich RE the IFC is currently developing and piloting a geothermal exploration risk insurance for Turkey (Munich RE 2013). 3.2.3 Regional Development Banks In Latin America and the Caribbean the main regional banks are the Development Bank of Latin America (CAF), the Inter- American Development Bank (IDB) and the Central American Bank for Economic Integration (BCIE). The regional banks obtain most of their funding from their regional member states. The capital is used to finance only projects and programs in their member states. Bank products include loans and non-repayable grants for investments in the public sector and for private sector promotion. Also technical assistance is provided in some cases to help countries implement their measures. The Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) is the largest multilateral financing institute in Latin America. Their support mechanisms include technical assistance (i.e. prefeasibility studies, capacity building), access and co-financing with other donors and loans for the public and private sector. Significant support was provided by the IDB to the following projects (Guzman 2013): Bolivia: 70 million USD Chile: 30 million USD for IDB risk mitigation mechanism (tbd) Colombia: 3.6 million USD for four pre-investment studies Costa Rica, Miravalles I and III: 124 million USD loan El Salvador, Berlin: 215 million USD loan 8PDF Image | Geothermal Energy Development in Latin America and the Caribbean and the Role of International Development Partners
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