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Sander Development partners increasingly pay attention to the effectiveness of projects, monitor the impact of their support closely and encourage South-South dialogue. Also, the sustainability aspect, particularly economic feasibility, the ability to repair and sustain operations and financial sustainability in the long run are important. Figure 6 gives an overview of the stakeholders of international development cooperation. Figure 6: Stakeholders of international development cooperation (BMZ, 2008) International development partners active in the region include regional development banks such as the Development Bank of Latin America (CAF), the Interamerican Development Bank (IDB) or Central American Bank for Economic Integration (BCIE); the German Development Bank (KfW Entwicklungsbank), the DEG (Deutsche Investitions- und Entwicklungsgesellschaft, German Development and Investment Bank), the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), the European Union mechanisms like the EU-Infrastructure Trust Fund or the European Investment Bank (EU-ITF, EIB) ,the United Nations Environmental Program (UNEP) amongst others. This paper presents selected recent projects aiming to define the project approaches and assess their outreach and effectiveness. 3.1 Technical Cooperation Projects Technical cooperation projects in the geothermal sector include the following components: Capacity building, awareness raising, political advisory on regulatory framework conditions, resource assessments and estimates, planning assistance, networking and events like training courses, congresses and workshops. Depending on the source of funding, projects are either bilateral, multilateral, target only one site or the whole country/ region. In the following some technical cooperation projects in the region are presented. 3.1.1 Geothermal Initiative in the Andes of the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) Since early 2013 the Andean governments of Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru are working with IRENA to prepare a roadmap for the development of geothermal energy in the sub-region (IRENA 2013). The Geothermal Initiative in the Andes is implemented in collaboration with the Latin America Energy Organization (OLADE) and the International Geothermal Association (IGA). Project focus is on technical assistance with the aim of building expertise in creating appropriate legal frameworks, identifying financing options and capacity building. An innovative project approach includes a close collaboration with the mentor countries France, Iceland, Mexico and New Zealand who regularly send experts to workshops and support on strategic topics. The kick-off multi-stakeholder workshop was held in Reykjavík, Iceland on 4-5 March 2013. Topics discussed included the identification of main barriers, learn from mentor countries’ experience and forge a path forward for each country. Other workshops are held and core results of the first phase are five country studies. 3.1.2 Bilateral support: Renewable Energies and Energy Efficiency (4E) in Central America of the GIZ In Central America the German International Cooperation (GIZ) supports renewable energy technologies and energy efficiency projects. Depending on the demands from the initial focus countries Costa Rica, El Salvador and Honduras three focus activities are supported (GIZ 2013a): (1) Governmental institutions receive advisory in improving their regulatory framework conditions for renewables, (2) Institutional capacities are strengthened and (3) Private and public sector initiatives and collaborations. In the 2nd project phase additional member countries of the SICA (Central American Integration System) are included in the program: Belize, Guatemala, Nicaragua and Panama. The close collaboration with the SICA enables direct access to political decision makers and a regional approach. Project partners are electricity providers and transmission entities, industry associations and other stakeholders. Also the use of low enthalpy geothermal resources is a topic which is supported by the GIZ in a partnership with LaGeo from El Salvador. A specific project output is the ecological industry park in partnership with Red Fox where about 44 6PDF Image | Geothermal Energy Development in Latin America and the Caribbean and the Role of International Development Partners
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