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it can be added later. The APS plant provides an opportunity for testing a full-scale thermocline storage system to understand the interactions between TES and the power plant. In a thermocline TES system, the thermocline is the zone between the hot and cold fluid. If the TES is not operated properly the thermocline zone can expand to fill the entire volume of the tank. Thus the plant must be designed and operated in a way to minimize the volume of the tank occupied by the thermocline zone. Some penalty in performance and operational flexibility results from using a thermocline storage system. The test of a thermocline TES system is intended to resolve whether the operational and performance penalties are manageable in a commercial plant and still provide cost effective TES. NREL has been working to develop advanced heat transfer fluids that would help reduce the cost of thermal energy storage and/or allow operation of trough plants at temperatures above 390oC. The focus of this work has been on organic fluids. Earlier work on Imidizolium salts only identified fluids capable of operating at temperatures up to 200oC -250oC. Current work has shifted to look at variations of the current biphenyl/diphenyl oxide that will lower its vapor pressure or to consider using low-cost, high performance lubricants. A number of sample fluids have been synthesized and testing of thermal stability and other key properties are in progress. 3.3 Solar Power Plant Technology During FY 2004 SunLab supported APS on the design and development of its 1-MWe trough/ORC solar power plant. SunLab participated in the design review process where the design of the plant was finalized. SunLab independent assessment of the design verified that the parabolic trough solar field and the organic Rankine cycle power plant should operate as expected and perform to the levels expected by APS. SNL completed a preliminary prototype of its PV O&M database program adapted for uses in a parabolic trough power plant. 3.4 Systems Integration NREL completed the adaptation of the VSHOT for use with parabolic trough collectors and successfully field-tested the system at the Solargenix collector factory. The test enabled Solargenix to make modifications to the concentrator design to improve the optical accuracy of the collector. However, the test showed that further improvements to the trough VSHOT system would be helpful to speed up field use and improve the usefulness of the system in both factory and field test applications. 4. Planned FY 2005 Activities Key highlights for FY 2005 include: • Complete performance test of new Schott receiver on SNL rotating platform (12/04). • Complete design of trough concentrator for next generation CSP trough system (03/05). • Complete optical testing of trough concentrator for next generation CSP trough system (7/05). • Complete prototype sample and property testing of new high-temperature selective coating (9/05). • Prototyping and testing of new advanced heat transfer fluids for trough applications (9/05). • Place contracts on USA Trough near-term component manufacturing LOI (3/05). • Conduct assessment of dry cooling on parabolic trough power plants (9/05). • Continue development of VSHOT and LFOCS optical characterization tools for trough applications (9/05). • Complete NREL 2-axis tracker test bed to allow optical and thermal characterization of new trough concentrators and receivers (9/05). 5. Major FY 2004 Publications Brosseau, D, P. Hlava, M. Kelly, 2004, “Testing Thermocline Filler Materials and Molten-Salt Heat Transfer Fluids for Thermal Energy Storage Systems Used in Parabolic Trough Solar Power Plants,” SAND2004-3207, July 2004. NREL, 2004, “California Solar Power Detailed Technical Report for Southern California Edison,” NREL/MP-710-35284, November 2003. Kearney, D., Price, H., 2004. "Advances in Parabolic Trough Solar Power Technology," In: Kreith, F., Goswami, D.Y. (Eds.), Advances in Solar Energy. Vol 16. ASES, Boulder, Colorado, in press.PDF Image | FY 2004 ANNUAL REPORT DOE Solar
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