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anticipated. Full collaboration with the manufacturers will likely require multiple developmental test periods. • Initiate a High-Tech BOS/Inverter Strategies program with a published 5-year strategies document and a follow-on request for LOIs from the PV and BOS industries. The LOIs will be formally evaluated to determine the winners of the competitive feasibility contracts designed to leapfrog inverter and BOS technologies. _____________________________________________________________________________________ 1. Introduction Improved inverter reliability, performance, and costs can positively, and with a very high level of probability, impact the levelized energy costs of installed PV systems. Further, given that today’s value-to-the-consumer of installing a PV system is often based on rebates and incentives, and not just the value of the energy produced, the failure of a component such as an inverter can mean the system will never work again (end of life). This project relates to barriers O, P, Q, R, S, T, and U under “Technology Development” in the DOE Solar Program Multi-Year Technical Plan (MYTP). The work is specifically identified under Task 12 (High-Reliability Inverter Initiative, barriers R and S) and Task 13 (Inverter R&D 5-year Strategies, barriers R and S), but overlaps with Tasks 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11 because it provides a key element in each. In FY 2004, the BOS project managed the continuation of the High-Reliability Inverter R&D Initiative, performed critical BOS and inverter evolutionary test and development work, helped remove technical barriers to the installation of PV in California and other states, resolved conflicts in the use of the IEEE 929, IEEE 1547 interconnect standards, and influenced national electrical codes while assisting 11 manufacturers in the development of new products or capabilities. The objectives of the Inverter and Balance-of- Systems (BOS) Project are to focus on R&D of power electronics and BOS hardware, the characterization of newly developed power electronics and BOS hardware, and establishing the suitability for incorporation into complete systems. The work also indirectly aids the development of codes, certification, and standards for PV applications through verifications and sanity checks that examine the impact on manufacturability. Many of the inverter-related activities also relate to other renewable energy technologies and, in fact, began as a collaborative effort with energy storage and distributed energy resources. The Inverter and BOS Project involves every U.S. PV inverter manufacturer and key charge-controller manufacturers, and also examines key products to determine impacts on the BOS and PV communities. The BOS Project seeks to improve system efficiency, lower life-cycle cost, and improve levelized energy costs through improved use of power electronics and storage and the development of selected BOS (sometimes non- power electronics) components. The Project further seeks to develop fully integrated, consumer-friendly PV systems through the development of vertically integrated designs that are suitable for high-volume manufacturing. 2. Technical Approach The technical approach to inverter and BOS development has taken on a multi-faceted character. There are parallel approaches to accomplishing the technical aspects, with the Systems-Driven Approach (SDA) at the center of setting priorities and assuring a market influence into the R&D activities. 2.1 Parallel Approaches The technical approach to inverter R&D is based on parallel approaches, but both apply the SDA and make extensive use of industry and consumer inputs. A major contract activity, the High- Reliability Inverter Initiative, is in progress. It was initiated in 2002 under a competitive bidding process to conduct three phases of R&D. A second and upcoming approach is the proposed High-Tech Inverter Research and Development— A Five-Year Strategy. The 5-year strategy is being organized to incorporate new component technologies such as wide-bandgap semiconductor devices, high-temperature components, thoroughPDF Image | FY 2004 ANNUAL REPORT DOE Solar
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