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specific temperatures and incident solar irradiance. For all systems, a quarterly report is generated and provided to the corresponding industry manufacturer and the corresponding NREL technical monitor within the Thin Film PV Partnership Project and/or the PV Manufacturing R&D Project, to help validate and/or guide the technology development R&D. Figure 1 shows a typical analyses product. Results and the experience gained are used to help the industry develop improved standards for performance monitoring, certification, and ratings. The precise and accurate measurement of the performance (e.g., efficiency, power ratings) demands precise, accurate, and standardized measurements of the incident (i.e., on modules and arrays) solar irradiance. This requires national and internationally recognized and traceable solar radiometry and instrumentation. For several years, NREL has developed, maintained, and used solar radiometric methods and instrumentation to meet these requirements. The approach to meeting solar research and industry needs in optical calibrations and measurements is to provide data of known uncertainty that is traceable to national standardizing laboratories and internationally recognized reference standards, such as the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Standard of Spectral Irradiance and the World Radiometric Reference (WRR). We participate with consensus standards organizations such as the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), International Standards Organization (ISO), and International Lighting Commission (CIE) to develop standards assuring high-quality solar energy industry products. The task assures traceable optical radiation measurements of known uncertainty for the NREL Solar Program research community and solar industry partners by participating in the NREL quality system according to the requirements of ISO17025. Reference standard and working instruments and systems are characterized and calibrated with documented procedures against national and international standards with as short a “traceability chain” as possible to accurately quantify and reduce uncertainties. Calibrations, measurements, and technical expertise are provided on programmed and as-requested bases. Supporting the nation’s codes, standards, and certification writing efforts for PV-related components and systems is essential to assuring safe PV installations that perform as expected. The National Electrical Code (NEC) is a consensus document that is revised every three years. SNL, in close collaboration with the Southwest Technical Development Institute, leads an industry forum that consists of more than 90 members from the PV industry, utilities, academia, and government agencies. This forum reviews the existing electrical code for installation requirements and proposes improvements and changes for the next code cycle. The codes work has taken on a new perspective in recent times, in that it must also provide checks to faulted public proposals from uniformed sources. Certification takes two paths to improve the likelihood of safe, properly designed PV installations. Practitioner certification has been implemented through the establishment of the North American Board of Certified Energy Practitioners (NABCEP). Certification of components is being advanced with the drafting of the Performance Test Protocol for Evaluating Inverters Used in Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System. There are currently no national requirements for using certified hardware in PV installations, but it is likely that state agencies will soon require certification of hardware for incentive programs. The PV Systems Engineering Project supports certification, codes, standards efforts that are needed to help remove barriers. The Project consists of four tasks, shown below. Task Title FY 2004 Budget ($K) PV System Performance and Standards (NREL) Solar Radiometry & Metrology (NREL) Codes, Standards, Certification (NREL) Solar Broad Based (NABCEP), (GO) 800 625 156 200PDF Image | FY 2004 ANNUAL REPORT DOE Solar
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