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• Responded to more than 80 requests for technical assistance in radiometry and spectrometry from the PV industry, academia, consultants, and engineering/design firms. Future Directions • Install and initiate long-term outdoor system performance and reliability testing for an additional two new technologies at the NREL OTF. • Increase collaborations with the PV industry and system owners to gather, analyze, and report PV system performance and reliability results for larger (10 kW) systems in various applications. • Complete the development and validation of NREL’s PV system performance analysis software and make it available to the PV and utility industries. • Enhance PVATTS to allow the user to specify AC of DC power nameplate ratings, along with other user inputs, such as soiling losses, system availability, inverter specifications, geometry of shading objects, and international weather data. • Submit Performance Test Protocol for Evaluating Inverters Used in Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems to IEEE to establish a national guideline document to encourage national and state incentive programs that are based on system performance. • Begin industry forum collaborations for proposed changes to the 2008 NEC code cycle. • Complete SNL funding support to NABCEP for installer certification program, but continue technical support for the study guide, testing committee, and other technical committees. • Support IEEE and UL standards writing activities for domestic PV applications. • Support International Electrotechnical Commission standards writing with guidance that is beneficial to the U.S. PV industry. • Revise the ASTM calibration standards for pyranometers and pyrheliometers. • Develop and publish solar radiometry best practices, measurement uncertainties, and applications to PV module and system performance measurement. _____________________________________________________________________________________ 1. Introduction This PV Systems Engineering Project is integral to the DOE Solar Program Multi-year Technical Plan because it provides credible and independent data, systems analyses, and assessments of the performance and reliability metrics that are required in validating, assessing, and benchmarking the candidate technologies and supporting the Program’s Systems-Driven Approach to R&D. The major activity and thrust of this project is the near- and long-term performance monitoring, characterization, and modeling of emerging- technology, grid-connected, prototype systems installed and operating at NREL’s Outdoor Test Facility (OTF). Critical to this effort is a supporting task that provides world-class and traceable measurements and instrumentation for solar radiometry. The resultant precision and accuracy of PV system (and module) performance measurements is determined by the quality, precision, and accuracy of the measurements of the incident (on the PV arrays) solar irradiance (i.e., “power in”). This project includes very important infrastructure building activities aimed at supporting the development of industry consensus on procedures and the adoption of codes, standards, and certification related to PV systems, components, and installations. 2. Technical Approach The PV System Performance and Standards Task performs long-term performance and reliability engineering testing and analyses on several small, grid-connected, systems located at NREL’s Outdoor Test Facility (OTF). The types of technologies under test include crystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, cadmium telluride, and copper indium diselenide (from several manufacturers). Periods of record date back over 10 years. The analyses include the kWhr(ac)/kWp performance rating as a function of temperature and sun angles, and the annual degradation rate of power output atPDF Image | FY 2004 ANNUAL REPORT DOE Solar
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