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best cell results are obtained with mixed-phase, small-grained absorber layers, in a deposition regime called “near the edge.” The best cells were produced by Uni-Solar Ovonic employing grading of hydrogen dilution during deposition, a process that can be understood in terms of film growth as measured by spectroscopic ellipsometry (Penn State results). The stability of these cells was assessed in light-soaking experiments. Although the behavior is not perfectly stable, as claimed in some scientific publications, the light- induced losses are smaller than those observed in a-SiGe:H cells. Uni-Solar Ovonic was able to prepare tandem and triple-junction cell structures with an nc-Si:H bottom cell (replacing the a- SiGe:H cell) with performance levels comparable to an all-amorphous-cell structure (both near 12% stabilized efficiency), but these champion cells required very low deposition rates for the nc-Si layers, with corresponding deposition times of about 5 hours. To implement this new technology into manufacturing, even higher cell efficiencies and deposition rates for the nc-Si layer must first be achieved. This is consistent with our expectations and the state of the art in nc-Si throughout the world. 5. Major FY 2004 Publications M. Keshner and R. Arya (2004). Study of Potential Cost Reductions Resulting from Super- Large-Scale Manufacturing of PV Modules: Final Report, Sept. 30, 2004; NREL Report No. SR- 520-36844. B. von Roedern (2004), “Physics of PV Materials,” Encyclopedia of Energy, Elsevier, Inc., V. 5. H. S. Ullal (2004), “Polycrystalline Thin-Film PV Technologies: Progress and Technical Issues,” 19th European PVSEC, Paris, France, June 7-11, 2004. K. Zweibel, H. S. Ullal, B. Von Roedern (October 2004), “Finally: Thin Film PV!” in Photon International, M. Schmela (ed), p. 48-56. 6. University and Industry Partners The following organizations partnered in the Project’s research activities during FY 2004. Organization/ Principal Investigator Colorado State University Jim Sites Colorado State University W.S. Sampath Colorado School of Mines Tim Ohno University of Toledo Al Compaan PNNL Larry Olsen University of South Florida Chris Ferekides U. of Delaware, Institute of Energy Conversion Robert Birkmire Pennsylvania State U. Chris Wronski Florida Solar Energy Center Neelkanth Dhere University of Toledo Xunming Deng Location/e-mail Ft. Collins, CO sites@lamar.colostate.edu Ft. Collins, CO sampath@engr.colostate.edu Golden, CO tohno@mines.edu Toledo, OH ADC@physics.utoledo.edu Richland, W A Larry.Olsen@pnl.gov Tampa, FL ferekide@eng.usf.edu Newark, DE rwb@strauss.udel.edu University Park, PA crwece@engr.psu.edu Cocoa, FL dhere@fsec.ucf.edu Toledo, OH dengx@physics.utoledo.edu Description/Title of Research Activity Analysis of CIS and CdTe devices Development of a robust in-line manufacturing approach for CdTe, and stability assurance Characterization and analysis of CdTe cells CdTe cells made by sputtering Barrier coatings for thin-film cell protection High-efficiency CdTe cells by CSS Thin Film Center of Excellence Phase-engineered a-Si:H-based multifunction solar cells CIGSS solar cells by selenization and sulfurization High-efficiency, triple-junction a-Si- H- and nc-Si-based solar cells FY 2004 Cost ($K) 101 0 233.3 0 171.5 0 202.5 108 185 0 172 6.75 827 0 181.4 3.1 99 16.9 167 62.4 Share ($K)PDF Image | FY 2004 ANNUAL REPORT DOE Solar
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