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FY 2004 ANNUAL REPORT DOE Solar

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FY 2004 ANNUAL REPORT DOE Solar ( fy-2004-annual-report-doe-solar )

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environmentally friendly nature of PV and minimize EH&S risks and associated costs, to ensure the public support and economic viability of PV systems. Minimization of EH&S risks and costs is paramount for achieving the DOE Solar Program’s goal of $0.06/kWh by 2020, while having the support of the public is a prerequisite for existence and growth to the scale that would support this low cost. Also, the Center serves as the world’s best source on PV-EH&S, providing accurate information related to EH&S issues and perceptions. This activity supports the overall Communications and Outreach objectives of the Solar Program. The Center works closely with the Thin Film Partnership and other NREL projects. 2. Technical Approach The major areas of BNL's activities are Hazard Identification and Characterization, Hazard Management, Industry Outreach, and Information Dissemination. Ongoing efforts are required, because the photovoltaic industry is undergoing changes in type and quantities of materials, manufacturing processes, and scale, and because continuous vigilance is required for safety and loss prevention. Task 1: Identification and characterization of EH&S issues. In FY 2004, we conducted research on the life-cycle impacts of cadmium in CdTe PV and on the environmental impacts of the production of materials used in CIGS PV. Task 2: Hazard Management. In FY 2004, we initiated experimental research on recycling of CdTe PV. Task 3: Industry outreach and support to DOE HQ and NCPV. The industry outreach activities include frequent interactions with EH&S personnel, site visits, guidance with EH&S issues and concerns, and assistance with new facilities. Task 4. Information dissemination. Providing accurate and objective information on PV EH&S issues is crucial as the PV industry as installations grow to levels that attract public interest and scrutiny. Task Title Hazard Identification/ Characterization Hazard Management/Recycling Industry Outreach/DOE/NCPV Information Dissemination 3. Results and Accomplishments FY 2004 Budget ($K) 134 157 75 74 • Task 1. We completed a comprehensive Life- Cycle Impact Analysis of cadmium in CdTe PV, which was published in R&S Energy Reviews and was presented in several symposia. • Task 2. We optimized leaching of the metals from CdTe modules (02/04) and advanced the metal separation in solution (09/04). • Task 3. We provided facility-specific assistance to Uni-Solar, First Solar, and DayStar Tech. We provided the Thin Film PV Partnership with data and assessments to use in a new Website, and guided NREL EH&S on sulfuric/acid/hydrogen peroxide incompatibilities. We also assisted DOE with SBIR solicitations and with starting an IEA PV-EH&S task. • Task 4. We answered about 40 requests for EH&S information from different agencies, business partners, citizen organizations, and the media. 4. Planned FY 2005 Activities 1. Hazard Identification/Characterization - Fire-simulating tests on CIGS PV samples - Environmental inventory analysis of metals in PV modules - LCA) of CdTe PV - LCA-based comparisons of PV (x-Si, a- Si, CIGS, and CdTe) with conventional energy technologies. 2. Hazard Management/Recycling - Advance CdTe Recycling - Start CIGS Recycling Research 3. Industry Outreach/Support to DOE & NCPV 4. Information Dissemination

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