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3.2 Beyond the Horizon This project, which was completed in FY 2004, featured many accomplishments: successful 3- year layer transfer and bonding work “graduated” to High-Performance Project for high-efficiency, low-cost concentrator cells (Caltech); successful 3-year buffer layer work graduated to High- Performance Project for high-efficiency, low-cost concentrator cells (Ohio State); and development of new organic solar cell structures leading to high efficiency (5.9%) and “best of the best in Beyond the Horizon” and new follow-on Future Generation PV subcontract (Princeton). 3.2 DOE's Center of Excellence for Photovoltaic Research, Education, and Collaboration Program Achieved record high-efficiency 4-cm2 cells on low-cost materials using 1) photolithography on low-cost materials (17.9%–18.6%) and 2) the more cost-effective and manufacturable screen- printed contacts on low-cost materials (15.9%– 18.1%). Also developed screen-printed contacts on textured high-resistance emitters, resulting in 1.2% efficiency enhancement. 3.3 University c-Si Research Project Continued targeting c-Si research toward industry needs, as identified at the DOE/NREL Crystalline Silicon Workshop; revealed defect passivation in SiNx films via the growth of high [H] content SiNx films by HWCVD (Caltech, 6/04); increased the lifetime in ribbon silicon materials 100-fold using a 1-s process (Georgia Tech, 3/04); and identified and characterized the metallic defects affecting a wide range of commercially available solar cell materials using synchrotron-based analytical techniques (UC Berkeley, 8/04). This project also achieved the first quantitative detection of hydrogen introduced into bulk c-Si by the post- deposition annealing of a SiNx AR coating (Texas Tech, 1/04); proved a correlation between in- plane stresses in silicon sheet, cell processing, and the serious problem of wafer breakage (Georgia Tech, 3/04); and achieved the first proof of concept of strong light-bending using textured silicon with a photonic crystal backside (MIT, 7/04). Minority University Research Associates: As a result of the RFPs in the fall of 2003, eight minority-serving universities were awarded subcontracts (six HBCUs, two Hispanic-serving universities). Accomplishments include: identification and integration of a software tool for the design and analysis of solar concentrating systems; development and implementation of simulation tools for analysis of solar concentrating systems (U. Texas at Brownsville); and fabrication of ZnO thin film and nanorods, TiO2 thin film and nanorods, and the development of highly transparent and durable nanolayer polymer substrate in collaboration with Case Western Reserve University. The Renewable Energy Academic Partnership (REAP) Review Meeting was held August 11–14, 2004, at the Florida Solar Energy Center in Cocoa, Florida. PV Exploratory Research Project Management: Supports the management activities needed for high-quality research within project budgets. Activities include peer reviews, solicitations for proposed research, budget planning, contract negotiation, contract monitoring, reporting of project results through conferences and publications, and partnering with other government, state, and private entities to leverage related research. 4. Planned FY 2005 Activities • Conduct peer reviews of: 1) Georgia Tech Center for Excellence in Crystalline Silicon research, 2) Minority University research projects, 3) Basic Sciences and new Future Generation PV research, and 4) proposals for new c-Si research projects. • DOE-GO activities: Finalize current research and development on high-efficiency, low-cost c-Si production processes and recompete current Center of Excellence award. • Continue array of sophisticated experimental and theoretical investigations into the properties of efficiency-limiting defects in c- Si and other material systems and their remediation. • Pursue exploratory research into third- generation solar cells: dye-sensitized cells, quantum dots, multiple-exciton emission, nanostructures, intermediate-band solar cells, and plastic/organic solar cells. • MURA: Ensure progress on projects currently under way and invite additional universities toPDF Image | FY 2004 ANNUAL REPORT DOE Solar
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